اسرار احمد آزاد
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں ہمارے ادارۂ ندوۃ المصنفین کے دو پرانے ساتھی داعیٔ اجل کولبیک کہہ کر اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے۔جناب اسراراحمد آزاد اردو زبان کے ادیب اورنامور اخبار نویس تھے یوں انھوں نے غالباً کسی یونیورسٹی سے باقاعدہ کوئی سند نہیں لی تھی لیکن محض اپنی ذاتی محنت اور شوق سے اردو اورہندی کے علاوہ انگریزی میں اتنی استعداد بہم پہنچا لی تھی کہ اس زبان کے اخبارات و رسائل اورکتابیں بے تکلف پڑھ اورسمجھ لیتے تھے۔سیاسیات پران کا مطالعہ بہت وسیع تھا۔ ادارہ کے ابتدائی زمانہ میں مکتبۂ برہان کی طرف سے ان کی کتاب ’’بین الاقوامی سیاسی معلومات‘‘شایع ہوکر بڑی مقبول ہوئی تھی۔مرحوم نظر ثانی کرکے اس پر برابر اضافہ کرتے رہے چنانچہ اس کتاب کاآخری ایڈیشن جو شایع ہوا ہے وہ تین نہایت ضخیم جلدوں پرمشتمل ہے اور بے شبہ یہ کتاب اردوزبان کے پورے لٹریچر میں اپنی نوعیت کی ایک ہی ہے۔اس کے علاوہ مرحوم بہت جلد اور بہت اچھا لکھتے تھے۔ ان کی ساری زندگی جرنلزم کے نذر ہوگئی ورنہ اگر ان کو معاشی اطمینان حاصل ہوتا اورتصنیف وتالیف میں لگے رہتے تواردوزبان کے ذخیرہ میں بہت کچھ قابل قدراضافہ کرسکتے تھے۔اخلاقی اعتبار سے ان کی زندگی سراپا ایثار تھی۔خودمجرد رہے،محنت مزدوری کی اورایک بھائی کے بچوں کی تعلیم و تربیت پرہمیشہ اپنی توجہ مرکوز رکھی۔سری نگر میں روزنامہ ’’چنار‘‘ کے ایڈیٹر تھے، دھرادول میں انتقال ہوا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت عطا فرمائے۔ [فروری۱۹۷۱ء]
Allah Almighty has created abundance of natural resources(air, water, plants, animals) for the benefit of man. Air is considered one of the basic necessity for life on Earth. Air pollution is a major and serious problem of the contemporary world. Rapidly spreading large crowded cities, modern transport, installation of industries and thermal power stations are the main causes of air pollution. A large number of Industries, power-generating stations, construction projects, brick Kilns and toxic solid wastes are polluting the atmosphere badly. The transport like buses, trucks, auto rickshaws, airplanes and internal combustion engines are main sources of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and lead pollution in the air. The toxic gases, smog and smoke of industries are affecting humane, animal and plant life rapidly. Treatment devices are not installed in industries and brick kilns to remove harmful gases before releasing smoke into the atmosphere. This research work explores that Air pollution is the core issue of the entire world, which requires immediate action for removal of pollution from the air. Test results of air quality indicate that major part of Pakistani population is living at the risk of air pollution. Islam clearly commands each individual to avoid negative and destructive actions. This Study explores that Air pollution can be abated and minimized by adopting Islamic precautionary measures about air cleanliness.
“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”: A Journey towards Individuation The strategy of my dissertation project is to take the fictional character of the Ancient Mariner as a particular test case of psychic processes and move towards a general delineation of timeless human psyche. The tool of my analyses is Jungian analytical psychology the preference and choice of which can be argued on many counts. Jung’s emphasis on the extraordinary importance and potential of the human unconscious and with it its archetypal contents are remarkably fitting into the body structure and course of narrative of the Rime. Notwithstanding the equal plausibility and currency of Freudian psychology for literary analyses, Jung’s revolutionary reinterpretation of the unconscious has added a new dimension to human psychology. Contrary to Freud’s theory, which considers the unconscious as a repository of the infantile repressed contents, Jung believes that the unconscious is a sufficiently potential half of the Self that positively and constructively helps and regulates the conscious half. The archetypal contents of the unconscious, according to Jung, if rightly understood and assimilated in the conscious workings of the psyche, may reveal unspeakable human truths. Although symbolic pattern of the Rime has been extensively analyzed by critics and commentators in their respective historical perspectives and mind-sets, a general comprehension of it is only possible through experiences that are legible to an eternal human mind. The basic structure of the human mind (psyche) is invariably the same since time immemorial. Its eternal constituents remain intact no matter how many revolutions may occur in histories, cultures, religions, or civilizations. These constituents, though, may acquire temporal dimensions, their general and universal structure retains its permanence.viii Providing a super structure of eternals, a creative artist helps the eternal reader or spectator (of all times, generations, creeds) to read or watch his/her story in the matrix of that structure. Reading the Rime in the backdrop of a long history of its ancestors, beginning with Homer, Dante, Virgil and that may continue to the last shreds of human history, a familiar thread of parable runs through all its courses of readership. A famous quote from Alexander Pope “What oft was thought, but ne’er so well expressed” remarkably expresses every thoughtful reader’s response to the Mariner’s narrative. This response of an all time familiarity points to something that is universal in nature. This work focuses on these universal factors and presents them with justifications rooted in Jungian psychology. “How would it be done” is a taxing question while taking into consideration a psychoanalytic detour of the Rime.