معروف محقق سید مظفر حسین برنی کی اقبال شناسی
اقبال کے بارے میں بہت کچھ لکھا اورپڑھا جا چکا ہے مگر پھر بھی اقبالیات کے ماہرین اور اقبال شناس محققین کسی نہ کسی نئے موضوع کی تلاش میں سرگرداں رہتے ہیں۔ اقبال کے افکار کا مرکز و محور قرآن اور حدیث تھا۔ اقبال شناس اپنی دلچسپی کے مطابق موضوعات کی تفہیم و تفسیر میں سرگرداں رہتے ہیں۔سید مظفر حسین برنی نے بھی ایسا گوشہ ڈھونڈ نکالا جو مطالعہ اقبال میں بہت اہمیت کا حامل ہے۔ اس کے مطالعہ سے تحقیق و تنقید کے نئے گوشے کھلیں گے اور اقبالیات کے لیے مستند ماخذ کا اضافہ ہو گا۔سید مظفر حسین برنی کا تعلق”برن“ (بلند شہر) کے ایک ذی وقار خانو ادے سے تھا۔آپ نے جس گھرانے میں آنکھ کھولی تھی اس میں خدمتِ علم وادب کی ایک طویل اور مسلسل روایت رہی ہے۔آپ 14، اگست1923ء کو بلند شہر میں پیدا ہوئے۔آپ کا تعلیمی سلسلہ بہت عمدہ رہا۔ آپ نے بی۔اے میں انگریزی ادب میں ٹمپل گولڈ میڈل حاصل کیا۔پھر انگریزی ہی میں ایم۔اے بھی کیا۔1947ء میں انڈین ایڈمنسٹریٹو سروس”آئی اے ایس“ کے مقابلہ کے امتحان میں کامیاب ہوئے اور ریاست اڑیسہ میں تعینات ہوئے۔
مرکزی حکومت نے آپ کی صلاحیتوں سے بھر پور استفادہ کیا۔آپ جوائنٹ سیکرٹری کمیونٹی ڈویلپمنٹ رہے۔محکمہ زراعت میں جوائنٹ سیکرٹری رہے۔ایڈیشنل سیکریٹری وزارتِ پٹرولیم وکیمیکلزکاانتظامی عہدہ سنبھالے رکھا۔وزارتِ اطلاعات و نشریات کے اہم ترین ادارے میں سیکریٹری رہے۔بورڈ آف ریونیو میں رلیف کمشنر رہے۔چیف سیکرٹری اور ڈویلپمنٹ کمشنر کے اعلیٰ ترین عہدوں پر ذمہ داریاں سر انجام دیں۔وزارتِ داخلہ میں سیکریٹری جیسے عہدے پر کام کر کے نیک نامی حاصل کی۔ناگا لینڈ،منی پور،تری پورہ اور ہریانہ کے گورنر رہے۔مرکزی حکومت کے اقلیتی کمیشن کے چیرمین رہے۔پبلک سیکٹر کے تقریباً آٹھ اداروں میں ڈائریکٹر کی حیثیت سے ذمہ داریاں سرانجام دیں۔بہت سی بین الاقوامی...
There are two major parts of Arabic literature i.e. Prose and poetry. Arabic poetry has a great value among the critics and the literati. A series of seven poems known as Muʽallaqāt Sabʽa or ʽAšhara have a great deal in the Arabic poetry. These are the collection of seven or ten long poems that are considered as the excellent work of the pre-Islamic era known as Jāhilīya ages. These poems had been presented in the annual fair of Okaz on the occasion of pilgrimage and awarded to be the top class creative works. After that judgment, golden genres were written with silk and recited judgment, as well as taught consecutively up to date. The ancient Arabic literature is full of such like prized poems but the valuable position met to this compilation is unprecedented. Since the poets of these master pieces are among the most famous figures of the 6th century taken together, these poems provide a good picture of Budouin life besides its connotation of rhetorical semantics figurative devices are tricky during its studies. Metaphor, trope, allusive ironies, metonymies and many more colloquial figures of speech are to be observed in this renowned collection. This article deals with the rhetorical study of Muʽallaqa of Imru’ al-Qais, by identifying the magnificence of assimilation and critism on his poem, alond with the analysis and explanation of its objectives.
Aging has become a global issue as the number of senior citizens is growing day by day. This number has increased due to various reasons and above all, it is the availability of health care and birth control medicines. These are the reasons which are distorting the pyramid of age among the different groups of the people, which results in the shrinkage of the population at lower levels and expansion at upper levels. This transition of population is challenging the economy of the states and generating social problems in both developed and developing countries with varying levels. Pakistan is one of the most-affected countries and its ranked is 89 as the World Watch Index (2013) showed. It is the third highest old-age populated country with huge psycho-social and economic problems. There was a time when traditional structure of family was supportive to senior citizens, but changing values and socioeconomic dynamics have changed the vise versa. The statistics indicate that labor force is decreasing as compared to dependent class. The situation in Pakistan is not promising as the proper strategies and policies are not in practice to address the social adjustment and well-being of the senior citizens. To know the facts that how this situation is creating socioeconomic problems among the senior citizens and causing psycho-social problem after all, this study was designed to explore the accurate status and intensity of the problem in Pakistan, in general and in the Punjab province in particular. To explore the phenomenon, the study has applied different methods and tools to collect and analyze the data. The focus of the study was 212 (62) inmates from old homes, 50 senior citizens living with the family, 40 senior citizens, i.e.10 pensioners, 10 irregular physical laborers or daily wagers, 10 laborers in private industries on daily wage basis and 10 beggars/destitute persons. A preliminary study was conducted with experts and in the light of these results reduced from the expert’s opinion, the further four tools (structured interview schedule) were developed. The data were analyzed using manual and SPSS techniques as well. The results show that this is a very speedily spreading phenomenon in Pakistan but still neglected by the Government and private sectors. Major findings have shown that the senior citizens facing more economic problems in family life, but less social isolation as compared to the senior citizens living in old homes. Families are facing serious economic stress in taking care of senior citizens. The main reasons have been found were the lack of proper policy and its implementation by the government.