مولانا محفوظ الرحمن نامی
افسوس ہے کہ ایک طویل علالت کے بعد گذشتہ مہینہ مولانا محفوظ الرحمن صاحب نامی نے وفات پائی مرحوم ایک ممتاز عالم دین، خوش بیان واعظ اور عملی انسان تھے، انھوں نے مسلمانوں کی بڑی مفید علمی تعلیمی اور ملی خدمات انجام دیں، وہ سیاسی خیالات میں قوم پرور تھے، اور ان کا اتنا اثر تھا کہ لیگ اور کانگریس کے اختلاف کے شباب کے زمانہ میں اسمبلی کے انتخاب میں مسلم پارلیمنٹری بورڈ کے ٹکٹ پر لیگ کے امیدوار کے مقابلہ میں کامیاب اور شعبۂ تعلیم میں پارلیمنٹری سکریٹری مقرر ہوئے، لیکن وہ ایک دیندار اور باحمیت مسلمان تھے، اس لیے زیادہ دنوں تک حکومت کے ساتھ نہ چل سکے اور ایک مذہبی معاملہ میں ان کو اس عہدے سے الگ ہونا پڑا، درس و تدریس سے بھی ان کو ذوق تھا، نورالعلوم کے نام سے انھوں نے بہرائچ میں عربی کا ایک مدرسہ بھی قائم کیا تھا، نئے نظام تعلیم میں ان کو مسلمان بچوں کی تعلیمی مشکلات کا ذاتی تجربہ ہوچکا تھا، اس لیے پارلیمنٹری سکریٹری کے عہدہ سے الگ ہونے کے بعد وہ ہمہ تن مسلمان بچوں کی مذہبی تعلیم کی جدوجہد میں لگ گئے، اور درس قرآن کا ایک سلسلہ مرتب کیا جس سے بہ یک وقت ابتدائی عربی، ترجمہ قرآن اور اردو زبان تینوں کی تعلیم ہوجاتی تھی، یہ سلسلہ بہت مقبول ہوا، اور مولانا نے اس کی تبلیغ و اشاعت کے لیے ہندوستان بھر کا دورہ کیا اس غیر معمولی محنت سے ان کی صحت خراب ہوگئی اور ان پر فالج کا حملہ ہوگیا، اور سات آٹھ سال صاحب فراش رہنے کے بعد ۲۰؍ نومبر کو انتقال کیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی خدمات کو قبول اور ان کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۶۳ء)
Education is a compulsory component of life. The first man of this world Adam (A.S) has got his basic education through the angels by the permission and grace of Almighty Allāh. In the light of the Qur’ānic verse “and He taught Adam the names of all the articles (things), the importance of education for the mankind was very well proved. The last and the final Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was sent by Almighty Allah for the completion of edÉucation as a code forever in the shape of Qur’an and Sunnah but with the passage of time, education has expanded and modern issues and sciences have become the integral parts of today’s educational system. There are many aspects of education especially in the present time, the Western World have explored new angles of discoveries, inventions, and creations through education. How Islam looks into these new issues and matters of education, has been discussed in this article.
Crop yields are reduced due to limited water availability, poor soil fertility and low organic matter contents. This study comprised of four field experiments on the use of organic amendments for growing wheat cv. Bhakkar 2002 to find out their impact on crop growth, yield, nutrients contents and soil characteristics. First experiment compared the efficiency of various organic manures applied singly and in combination treatments on pre- green manured soil. The organic sources used in the experiment were: farmyard manure (FYM), poultry litter (PL), press mud (PM) and sewage sludge (SS) @ 20 t ha –1 . Two years’ data (2004-05 and 2005-06) on crop growth and yield attributes revealed that PL alone performed the best, and FYM alone gave lowest results. Combined application of PL with other organic manures gave lower growth and yield of wheat, while integration of FYM with other organic materials improved its effectiveness. Soil bulk density was not affected significantly by any treatment of organic manures. Contrastingly, FYM and PM alone or combined gave lower N contents in soil; whereas, soil P contents were greater with SS, PL alone and their integration with other organic amendments. Soil and plant K contents were higher under PL, PM and their integration with other organic amendments, while SS gave the lowest results. The highest N and P contents in wheat grain and straw were found with SS, PL alone and their integration with other organic amendments. Generally, PL alone and combined with SS performed better than all other treatments for wheat production. In Experiment-II residual effects of various organic manures treatments used in Experiment-I were evaluated for two seasons (2005-06 and 2006-07). Crop growth and yield parameters were higher with PL+PM and FYM+PM; while, FYM performed the least. Application of PL, SS alone and combined together enhanced N and P contents in soil and plants; while PM / FYM lowered them. Potassium contents in soil and plants were higher under PL, PM and their integration, while SS gave 1 the lowest contents. Residual effect of PL alone or combined with other organic manures especially SS and FYM was greater than all other treatments for wheat. Combined application of PL and FYM with other organic manures improved their effectiveness. In Experiment-III, efficiency of organic manures used as in Experiment-1 was compared on wheat straw pre-manured soil in 2005-06 and 2006-07. Data on various growth attributes of crop indicated that sole use of all the organic manures (FYM, PL, PM, SS) performed better than their combined application, and PL alone out-performed over others. However, yield and yield contributing parameters responded better to the integration of these organic amendments; among them PL+SS and PL+PM gave better results. Use of PL+PM and PM+SS lowered the soil bulk density significantly and to the maximum. Application of PL, SS both alone and combined increased N and P contents in soil and plants over others. Soil and plant K contents were highest under PL, PM alone and their integration, while SS and its combinations gave the lowest K contents. On the overall, PL used alone or in combination with other organic manures especially SS was superior to all other treatments. Fourth experiment compared the efficiency of NPK fertilizers, PL alone and other organic manures (FYM, PM, SS) used in combination with PL and with each other under different available soil moisture depletion levels (ASDLs) on wheat straw pre-manured soil during 2005-06 and 2006-07). Interactions of ASDLs and organic manures showed that PL alone and NPK fertilizer under ASDL 2 (65%) followed by PL+PM+SS gave higher growth measurements and production of wheat. It was concluded that PL whether used alone or integrated with other organic manures is the best for growing wheat in green manured as well as straw incorporated soil. Further, PL should be used at 65% ASMDL for having higher wheat production under rain-fed conditions.