Exploring Individual and Social Factors that Influence Human Belief: An Analysis in the Light of Quran and Sunnah

استقصاء العوامل المؤثرة في الاعتقاد الإنساني من الناحية الفردية والاجتماعية: دراسة تحليلية في ضوء القرآن والسنة This research work was primarily designed to explore the factors that affect and change the human beliefs. The paper particularly addresses the issue from individual and social perspectives in relation to Holy Quran and authentic traditions of Holy Prophet PBUH. Qualitative research approach was employed for the collection and demonstration of data. The review of relevant literature concluded that there are many factors which seriously affected and changed the human beliefs. However, the most important and common factors are four: individual, social, religious, and economic. These factors play a significant role in changing Islamic beliefs of an individual. In this context, it was recommended that Islamic states in general, and Islamic scholars in particular should play their role to preserve Islamic beliefs in its original form. Furthermore, Muslim scholars should also design the strategy of purging beliefs from impurities and presenting them in systematic, logical and rational way along with their impact on the society

Sero-Prevalence & Disease Pattern of Ppr Peste Des Petits Ruminants Infection in Small & Large Ruminants Buffalo, Cattle and Camel and Molecular Characterization of Isolates Circulating in Sindh Province of Pakistan With Their Economic Impact

A participatory epidemiological (PE) study was carried out in the Tharparkar District of Sindh province, Pakistan, which is the only fertile desert in the world. The study was carried out to assess the association of the disease with animal production systems and its socio-economic impact. During participatory rural appraisal activities, sets of semi structured interviews, visualization techniques, ranking and scoring techniques were applied to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The study revealed that sheep and goat are reared without systemic housing. The average herd size was 30 head with a sheep and goat ratio of 1:2. Women have an important role in sheep and goat husbandry especially for feeding, watering, milking, and management of lambing/ kidding. It was concluded from the study that most low-income landless farmers are involved in sheep and goat raising, which played a significant role in their household economy and provided the main source of income. It was also accomplished that Peste des Petits Ruminants and other prevailing sheep and goat diseases are causing momentous negative impacts on food security and child nutrition with the enduring impacts including delays in marriages, postponement of surgery and other family health interventions as well as disruption of children education.