نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا
شہرت ، ناموری ، سروری یہ ایسے حروف ہیں جس کا ہرشخص خواہاں رہتا ہے۔ جیسے ہی شباب کی کلیاں چٹخناشروع ہو جاتی ہیں ناموری کی آرزو انگڑائیاں لیناشروع کر دیتی ہے۔ اور پھر بتدریج اس میں اضافہ ہوتا جاتا ہے۔ لیکن نامور بننے اور شہرت وعروج کے منصب پر فائز ہونے کے لیے سخت محنت اور مشقت کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ اس کے لیے راتوں کو دن بنانا ہوتا ہے، وقت کی قربانی دینی پڑتی ہے، جہد مسلسل کا عادی بننا ہوتا ہے۔ حصول عظمت کی خاطر سخت جدوجہد انتہائی ناگزیر ہے۔
دنیا و مافیھا میں ہر ذوی العقول خواہ وہ گورا ہو، پست قد ہو، طویل القامت ہو، دبلا پتلا ہو یالحیم شحیم ہو، یہودی ہو، نصرانی ہو یا آتش پرست ہو، الغرض جس مسلک یا مشرب سے منسلک ہو اس بات کا وہ ضرور معترف کہ اگر کوئی عظمت، آن بان اور تفوق کے سہرے سے اپنے آپ کو سجانا چاہتا ہے تو وہ صرف اور صرف محنت اور مشقّت سے ہی ایسا کر سکتا ہے۔
فرمانِ باری تعالیٰ ہے’’ انسان کے لیے وہی کچھ ہے جس کے لیے وہ کوشش کرتا ہے اور محنت کرتا ہے‘‘
بنی نوع انسان کی تاریخ کے اوراق کا اگر مطالعہ کریں اور بسلسلہ مشاہدہ چشم بینا وا کر یں تو یہ بات اظہر من الشمس ہے کہ جن سلف صالحین اور نابغۂ روزگار ہستیوں نے نام پیدا کیا وہ شب و روز محنت اور مشقت کی چکی میں پستی رہیں۔ علامہ اقبالؒ ، غزالی ، رازی نفیسی جیسے زعماء جو آسمان علم و دانش پر آفتاب و ماہتاب بن کر چمکے۔ یہ سب ان کی محنت لگن، کاوش اور انتھک جدوجہد کا نتیجہ تھا۔ محنت شاقہ اور جذبہ صادق ہوتو کہساروں سے بھی جوئے شیر نکالی جاسکتی ہے۔
نامی کوئی...
Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a commonly observed, fatal but preventable condition in children. To reduce the incidence of FBA, it is essential to provide parents with knowledge and guidelines regarding the prevention and management of FBA. Objectives: To assess parental knowledge and parental role in the prevention and first aid management of foreign body aspiration in children. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to September 2019. After IRB approval and informed consent, 151 parents were enrolled through convenient sampling. Data were recorded in a structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS version 26. Results: Breathlessness and vomiting were recognized as symptoms of FBA by 49.7% & 7.3% of parents respectively. Hand clutched to throat, color & voice change were recognized as signs by 6.6 %, 9.9 % &10.6 % of the parents. As a first aid measure, 66.2% of individuals knew about back slaps, while only 2% were aware of abdominal thrusts. Literate parents were well aware of the facts that children under the age of three should not consume seeds, hazelnuts, and hard nuts and the child should not laugh or talk while eating compared to illiterate parents (p<0.05) Conclusion: The majority of the parents are not well aware of signs, symptoms, preventive measures and first aid measurements regarding FBA.
The cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out by the synergistic action of cellulase enzyme complex, namely endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase and β-glucosidase (BGL). BGL is responsible for the regulation of the cellulolytic process as both endo- and exo-glucanase activities are often inhibited by cellobiose. In recent years, interest in BGL has gained momentum, owing to its potential use in various biotechnological processes including biomass degradation, fuel ethanol production, release of aromatic residues, extraction of fruit juices, production of fermented foods etc. A. niger is by far the most efficient BGL producer among the microorganisms investigated. To cope with the current industrial demand it is necessary to produce BGL with improved catalytic and kinetic properties. The current report deals with the development of A. niger strain through gamma rays treatment. Hyper producer mutant M-6 was selected on the basis of 2-deoxy-D-glucose resistance, which showed about two fold higher production of BGL as compared to control. Both the parent and mutant had shown best results with 3% wheat bran at 30 °C and pH 5. Random mutagenesis resulted in mutations within the BGL gene sequence, leading to overall conformational change in BGL secondary structure. The subunit and native molecular mass of the BGLs from parent and mutant were same i.e. 130 and 252 kDa, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis also confirmed the identity of protein bands as BGL from both strains with a slight difference in molecular masses. The mutant BGL proved to be 1.6 fold efficient for cellobiose hydrolysis with lower activation energy (Ea) and thermodynamically more stable against denaturants than parent BGL. The mutant BGL gene was also expressed in Pichia pastoris and the recombinant BGL possessed similar characteristics as that of the mutant BGL. Effect of metals on parent and mutant BGLs showed that Ca2+ decreased the Ea, resulting in efficient formation of ES*-complex as compared to apo-BGL, while, Mn2+ decreased the Ea at lower metal concentrations only. The heat of ionization for the acidic and basic limbs of the apo- BGL reduced significantly in the presence of Ca2+ and Mn2+. The turnover (kcat) of apo-BGL showed an increase in the presence of low concentrations of Ca2+ and Mn2+. The BGL activation mechanism by Ca2+ was of mixed nature where Ca2+ was preferably binding with free enzyme, while Mn2+ was preferably binding with ES*-complex rather than free enzyme (partially un- competitive). Ca2+- and Mn2+- bound BGL also showed higher thermo-stability as compared to apo-BGL. Immobilization of BGL through entrapment on latex and silicone resulted in an increase in optimum temperature and thermal stability than the free enzyme. The immobilized BGL also increased the cellulose hydrolysis rate with more than 70% functional stability after multiple reuses. The current study has resulted in a highly stable and catalytically active BGL enzyme which may have substantial applications in biofuel and biorefinery industries.