بدعنوانی کے خاتمے میں معاشرے کا کردار
کوئی چیز بھی اللہ تعالیٰ نے بے مقصد پیدانہیں فرمائی ، ہر چیز کی تخلیق میں کوئی نہ کوئی غرض و غایت ضرور کارفرما رہی ہے، لیکن انسان چونکہ ظلوما ًجہو لا کے مصداق تخلیق کردہ اشیاء میں کوئی نہ کوئی تبدیلی کا مرتکب ہوتا رہتا ہے اور اس چیزکی تخلیق کا جوعظیم مقصد ہے وہ پس پردہ چلا جا تا ہے۔ اور یوں کائنات کی رنگینیوں ، رعنائیوں اور دل آویزیوں کے آفتاب نصف النہار کو گرہن لگ جاتا ہے۔ کسی چیز کی اصل ہیئت کو تبدیل کرنے کا نام بدعنوانی ہے۔
مجاہد سرحدپر بجائے حفاظت کے جاسوسی کررہا ہے تو یہ بدعنوانی ہے۔ معلم مسند تدریس پرمتمکن ہو کر تشنگان علم کی پیاس بجھانے میں تساہل اور غفلت کا شکار ہے تو یہ تدریسی بدعنوانی ہے۔ مسیحاجب اپنے پیشے سے وفا نہیں کر رہا اور اس کے زیرعلاج مریض کے مرض میں اضافے کا سبب اس کی نا اہلی اور نا تجر بہ کاری ہے تو یہ گھناؤنا جرم اور کرپشن ہے۔ جس معاشرے میں ابتداء سے لے کر انتہاء تک بدعنوانی ہی بد عنوانی ہو اس معاشرے کی فضاء میں محو پرواز طائر خوش الحان بھی اپنی پرواز کوتا دیر قائم نہیں رکھ سکتا۔ ایسے معاشرے کی مسموم فضاء اس کے تنزل کا باعث بنتی ہے۔
ہم اگر بد عنوانی اور کرپشن کے خلاف قدم نہیں بڑھائیں گے تو اس کی جڑیں طول پکڑتی جائیں گی اور پھر اس ناسور پر نشتر چلانے کے لیے تا دیر ہوم ورک کرنا پڑے گا۔ اس مرغِ بسمل کی طرح تڑپاتے ہوئے زہر ہلا ہل کے لیے کسی تریاق کی اشد ضرورت ہے۔
آج ضرورت اس امر کی ہے کہ ہر شعبہ سے تعلق رکھنے والاشخص اس کومنطقی انجام تک پہنچانے کے لیے کمر بستہ ہوجائے ، صحافی اپنے اخبار...
Aim of study: To identify the effectiveness of particular trunk stabilization versus a general exercise in low back pain management.
Methodology: An experimental study was conducted at the physiotherapy department of Dow University of Health Sciences, 52 participants with low backache were enrolled and assessed for pain intensity using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and disability by using the Modified Oswestry Low Back Disability Index (MOLBDQ-I). Through equal randomization one group got their low back pain treated through trunk stabilization exercises while the other with general exercises, 3times/week* 4weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 by applying non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results: This study demonstrated that males and females are equally affected by chronic low back pain. Trunk stabilizing and general exercise regimes both significantly reduced the pain and disability in the study population but the effectiveness of trunk stabilizing exercises were significantly superior in reducing pain.
Limitations and Future Implications: Study did not include a control group that received no intervention. It would be valuable to assess the cost-effectiveness of trunk stabilization exercises compared to general exercises or other interventions.
Originality: Trunk stabilizing exercises are superior in reducing pain, disability, and restoring functional mobility than general exercises in chronic back pain.
Conclusion: Trunk stabilizing exercises are superior in reducing pain, disability, and restoring functional mobility than general exercises in chronic back pain.
The theory of inequalities has developed rapidly in last few decades. It now occupies a central position in analysis and will no doubt, continue to play an essential role in mathematics as a whole. It certainly reflected in the vast literature that exists on the subject. Inequalities are useful tools to obtain optimal results in different areas of mathematics. In particular, inequalities are found to be versatile while deciding about extrema of various functions. The theory of inequalities is in a process of unbroken onward development and have also become a very useful and commanding instrument for studying a wide range of problems in different fields of mathematics. Furthermore, the importance of fractional calculus in mathematical inequalities is enormous. Opial, Hardy and related inequalities are very famous and play significant part in mathematical inequalities. Many mathematicians gave generalizations, improvements and applications of the said inequalities and they used fractional integral and derivative operators to derive new integral inequalities. The present study has considered integral operators with non-negative kernel on measure spaces with positive σ-finite measure. This research studies the enhancement of Opial, Hardy and related inequalities for global fractional integral and derivative operators with respect to the convex, monotone convex and superquadratic functions. Different weights have been used to obtain fresh consequences of the said inequalities. The thesis is planned in the subsequent mode: The first chapter includes the essential concepts and notions from the theory of convex functions, superquadratic functions, fractional calculus and the theory of inequalities. Some constructive lemmas related to fractional integrals and derivatives are incorporated which have been frequently use in next chapters to establish results. The second chapter comprises of two sections. First section deals with some Opialtype inequalities for two functions with general kernels related to a particular class of functions U(f, k), which admits the representation: |g(t)| = | xZ a k(x, t) f(t) dt| ≤ xZ a k(x, t) |f(t)| dt, where f is a continuous function and k is an arbitrary non-negative kernel such that f(t) > 0 implies g(x) > 0 for every x ∈ [a, b]. We also assume that all integrals under consideration exist and that they are finite. At the end of this part, we provide the discrete description of the said inequalities. In the second section, we include the multiple Opial-type inequalities for general kernels by considering the monotonicity and boundedness of the weight functions. In continuation of our general results, we provide their applications for Widder’s derivative and linear differential operators. Chapter three consists of three sections. In first section, we present Hardy-type inequalities and their refinements for fractional integral and derivative operators using convex and increasing functions under certain conditions. The second section restrains the applications of refined Hardy-type inequalities for Hilfer fractional derivative and the generalized fractional integral operator involving generalized Mittag-Leffler function in its kernel via convex and monotone convex functions. In the third section, we offer the applications of refined Hardy-type inequalities for linear differential operator, Widder’s derivative and generalized fractional integral operator involving Hypergeometric function in its kernel.