موقع الكتاب في العملية النّقدية عند المحدّثين وأهمّ وسائل صيانته دراسة تأصيليّة

In this research paper the method invented by the critic scholars of hadeeth for the maintenance of quality. It is the sake of delivering the hadeeth to us the way it was narrated by the prophet peace be upon him. This study came to highlight the greatness of the critical approach of the Muḥaddithīn, this unique and precedent based approach has been opted and enjoyed the respect of the opponents. I have paid special regard to the timeline, which reflects the evolution of the Muḥaddithīn criticism, from the Era of the Prophet (PBUH) to the end of the Hadīth Narration Era. This paper shows the extent to which the critic scholars go in order to maintain the book; their attention is not limited to the Oral narration as claimed by the opponents of Sunnah and their stooges. This is done by examining the classified works of scholars that had preserved the bases and the rules followed in the criticism process, as explained in this study.

The Dilemma of National Consciousness and the Making of National Culture an Analysis of the Literary Works by Pakistani Writers 1964-2011

This qualitative interpretive research seeks to explore the dilemma of Pakistani English literature in terms of inculcating a national consciousness and national culture. The selection of literary works is made from a range of fictional and non-fictional texts written by different Pakistani writers in a time spanning from 1964-2011. The works selected for analysis encompass the wide and complex aspects of Pakistan’s national culture and history in the backdrop of the subjective perspectives and experiences of the writers. By employing an intertextual and comparative method of reading as my principal methodological strategy, my study has attempted to read across texts in order to identify thematic links and parallels which demonstrate the dilemma of Pakistani English writers in constructing a composite national culture. Besides questioning the validity of Pakistani English writers in representing the question of nation, the present research has also questioned the fallibility of metropolitan critics in offering a viable and more grounded interpretation of Pakistani English writings. It has also highlighted the need to come up with a more culture-specific and context-bound intellectual and critical perspective that can become a building block for a genuine national culture with the promise of transformation for individuals and communities.