تفسیر القرآن از سر سید احمد خان کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ

Sir Syed Aḥmed Khān belonged to a famous family of the subcontinent during the late Mughal and early British colonial period. He was famous for his close relations with the colonial government. He served many years in the judiciary. In recognition of his services, he was conferred upon with various titles such as Sir, The Imperial Advisor, etc. He is the founder of the educational campaign which was later known as the Aligarh movement. He was worried about the future of Muslims in India. This worry forced him to produce various literary and Islamic books to uplift the political, cultural, educational and social status of the Indian Muslims. One of his famous contribution to Islamic literature of Quranic exegeses is his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān. His tafsīr is influenced by western thoughts. He, instead of following the traditional methodology of Quranic exegeses, tried to understand the Quranic verses rationally. This led him to deviate from many established concepts of Islamic doctrines. He went against the Muslims’ affirmed beliefs in his exegesis. He mistrusted some of the basics of Islamic thoughts and tried his best to make new parameters of writing & reading of the Quranic exegesis on human logics. In addition, some of his views show certain relevance to the Mu'tazilites school of thought. The aim of this paper is to present an analytical and a critical evaluation of the exegetical opinions of Sir Syed Aḥmed Khān, particularly on the issues where he deviated from the mainstream Islamic thoughts in his exegesis, Tafsīr al-Qur’ān.

Novel Metal Complexes of Substituted Quinolines

Quinoline based ligands like substituted 3-acetyl 4-hydroxyquinolines (3- acetyl 4-quinolones) were prepared and provided for the preparation of complexes with metals i.e. copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and manganese. The complexes were prepared through oxygen of hydroxyl and acetyl group attached to the ligands. Ligands like 1, 10-Phenanthroline and 2, 2’-bipyridyl were also used as co-ligands in the preparation of complexes. These complexes were analyzed through AAS and IR spectra. Some of the complexes were characterized using XRD analyser. The general formula of the complexes is ML2. The synthesized complexes were very stable. The prepared complexes were also screened for the biological activities. General structure of the complexes is given below. M=Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cd, Mn R= 5-Cl, 7-Cl, 6-Br, 6-NO2, 7-OCH3, 8-OCH3, 7-CH3, 8-CH3