شاہ محمد کا ٹانگہ
ناطق کا یہ دوسرا افسانوی مجموعہ سانجھ پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے 2017ء میں شائع کیا ،اس میں کل 14 افسانے موجود ہیں اور یہ 152 صفحات پر مشتمل کتاب ہے۔وہ پنجاب کی زرخیز سرزمین کا باشندہ ہے اس لیے اس کی شاعری اور نثر دونوں میں پنجاب کا رنگ غالب نظر آتا ہے۔افسانوں میں بھی انہوں نے اپنے اسی رنگ کو برقرا ر رکھا ہے۔جس میں پنجاب کی ثقافت، بودوباش اور رہن سہن کو بہت ہی عمدگی سے بیان کیا گیا ہے۔ان کا کہنا ہے کہ میں نے اپنی زندگی جہاں بسر کی ہے وہاں کی ہی کہانیاں لکھتا ہوں ،وہ کہانیاں لکھتا ہوں جو میں نے خود اپنی آنکھوں سے جواں اور بوڑھی ہوتی دیکھی ہیں اور میں چاہتا ہوں کہ میں یہ کہانیاں ان لوگوں کی نذر کروں جو ان کو سمجھتے ہیں اور جو دل کی بستیاں بساتے ہیں۔علی اکبر ناطق اپنے افسانوں کے بارے میں کہتے ہیں کہ:
’اپنے افسانوں کے متعلق صرف اتناکہنا چاہتا ہوں کہ میں نے کسی بھی قسم کے فلسفے یا نظریے سے قطع نظر ،فقط حقیقی زندگی کی چلتی پھرتی تصویریں بنانے کی کوشش کی ہے۔‘‘(14)
ان کا کہنا ہے کہ جہاں وہ رہتے ہیں جیسے بھی حالات ہوں اسے وہ لکھتے ہیں اور پنجاب کا رنگ غالب آتا ہے اگر وہ شہروں کا رخ کریں گے تو وہ اس کو بھی اپنی کہانیوں کا حصہ بنائیں گے اور یہ افسانے ان کی زندگی کے وہ واقعات ہیں جن کو انہوں نے معاشرے میں محسوس کیا ،دیکھا اور پھر لکھا ہے۔
The purpose of this study is to determine whether earnings per share, profitability, leverage, sales growth and research and development intensity have a significant effect on firm value. This research method is quantitative research by taking samples using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined characteristics of 7 telecommunications sub-sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2018- 2022 period. The type of data used is secondary data and the method of analysis used is panel data regression using Eviews. The results showed that the calculation of the hypothesis that is earnings per share has no significant effect on firm value with a significant level of 0.1905 > 0.05. Profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value with a significant level of 0.0015 <0.05. Leverage has no significant effect on firm value with a significant level of 0.1873 <0.05. Sales growth has a significant positive effect on firm value with a significant level of 0.0276 <0.05 and the intensity of research and development has no effect on firm value with a significant level of 0.2800 > 0.05. For simultaneous testing, it is obtained F count of 2.202910 with a probability of 0.000159 <0.05 meaning that earnings per share, profitability, leverage, sales growth and research and development intensity influence simultaneously on firm value.
Phytic acid (Myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 hexa-kisphophate) is a storage form of phosphorus and can accumulate to levels as high as 35% in the wheat kernel. Phytic acid acts as an anti-nutritional macromolecule (anti-nutrient) in the wheat kernel. Due to its inhibitory role, a high concentration of phytic acid is undesirable as it hinders the bioavailability of some essential nutrients such as Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn and Cu, etc. To see the inheritance of phytic acid in wheat, phytic acid concentration was initially determined in kernels of 10 wheat genotypes to identify two contrasting genetic groups for diallel analysis. Based on pre-screening results of 10 wheat genotypes, five wheat genotypes (3 with high and 2 with low phytic acid concentration) were crossed in all possible combinations during 2007-08 to generate a 5 × 5 full diallel set for studying the inheritance of phytic acid and other agronomic traits. All 20 F1 hybrids and five parental genotypes were planted using a completely randomized block design with 3 replications during 2008- 09 at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar. Variance analysis for all traits revealed significant differences, providing justification for diallel analysis. According to Hotelling’s t2 test and regression analysis, the model of additive-dominance was adequate for phytic acid, plant height, flag leaf area, tillers plant-1, grains spike-1, biological yield; partially adequate for days to heading, grain filling duration, spikelets spike-1,1000- grain weight, grain yield, harvest index and inadequate for plant maturity. Values of D greater than H1 and H2 for flag leaf area and plant height indicated their additive nature, whereas values of D less than H1 and H2 for grain filling duration, grains spike-1, 1000- grain weight, tillers plant-1, spike length, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and phytic acid concentration accounted for non-additive control of these traits. The same results were confirmed by average degree of dominance calculations. The narrow and broad sense heritability estimates varied widely among traits - days to heading (0.07, 0.32), flag leaf area (0.31, 0.55), grain filling duration (0.24, 0.91), plant height (0.12, 0.28), spike length (0.17, 0.62), spikelets spike-1 (0.35, 0.74), tillers plant-1 (0.05, 0.52), grains spike-1 (0.05, 0.68), 1000-grain weight (0.25, 0.68), biological yield (0.10, 0.89), grain yield (0.13, 0.98), harvest index (0.09, 0.64) and phytic acid concentration (0.01, 0.86). The values for phytic acid concentration ranged from 0.56 to 3.43% among F1 hybrids and 1.06 to 3.67% for parental genotypes. The following F1 hybrids, Ps-2005 × Ghaznavi (0.56%), AUP-4006 × Ps-2004 (0.74%), Janbaz × Ps-2004 (0.89%) and Janbaz × Ps-2005 (1.01%), had the lowest concentration of phytic acid. This research confirms that F1 hybrids with low phytic acid concentration could yield desirable segregants.