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Faisalabad Five Star Hotel

Thesis Info

Author

Nouman Khalil

Department

University of Management and Technology

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

var

Subject

Civic & Landscape Art

Language

English

Other

Eng; Call No: TP 711.557 NOU-F

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676713605941

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7 دھوکہ

دھوکہ

 

                اج میں تہانوں اپنی آپ بیتی سناناں واں میں میٹرک دا امتحان بڑے چنگے نمبراں نال پاس کیتا۔ میں ابے ہوراں کولوں داخلے لئی پیسے منگے تے اوہناں مینوں آکھیا ’’پتر‘‘ کل مینوں تنخواہ ملن والی اے میں تینوں کل داخلے جوگے پیسے دیواں گا۔ ایہہ گل سن کے میں بڑا خوش ہویا۔ پئی کل مینوں ابے ہوراں نے داخلے لئی فیس دینی اے۔ کیوں جے مینوں پڑھن دا بڑا شوق سی پر گھر دی مالی حالت  کجھ بہتی چنگی نہیں سی۔ ابے ہوراں دی تنخواہ نال ا ی گھر دا خرچ ٹر رہیا سی۔ فیس ملن دی خشی وچ راتیں مینوں نیندر نہ آئی۔ رب رب کردیاں رات لنگھی تے سویرے ابے ہوراں وعدے موجب مینوں کالج وچ داخلہ  لین لئی فیس دتی۔ فیس ملن دی مینوں ا ینی خوشی ہوئی جنی کسے بال نوں ضد کرن پچھوں پسند دا کھیڈونا ملن دی ہوندی اے۔ میں کالج جان دی تیاری اینی کاہلی نال کیتی کہ گھر دے جی میریاں پھرتیاں تے حیران سن۔

                کالج جاندیاں ہویاں رستے وچ کجھ لوک کھڑے نظریں پئے۔ لوکائی دے اکٹھ وچ اک بندہ بانہواں اڈھ کے کہہ رہیا سی کہ میرے پتر دا ایکسیڈنٹ ہوگیا اے۔ دوا دارو لئی مینوں کچھ روپیاں دی لوڑ اے۔ پر اینے وڈے اکٹھ اگے ہاڑے پاون دے باوجود کوئی وی بندہ اوس دی مدد لئی تیار نہ ہویا، اوس دے رون ھاکے انداز نے میرے دل نوں موم وانگوں پگھلا دتا تے میں اپنی ات دی نرم طبیعت پاروں اوس دی مدد کرن لئی تیار ہوگیا تے اپنے داخلے دے پیسے اوس دی تلی اتے دھر دتے گھر پرتن سمے مینوں اوس دکھیار دی مدد کرکے ڈاہڈی خشی محسوس ہورہی سی تے میں پھل وانگوں ہولا ہوکے پینڈا چھیتی...

حق حضانت: ایک قانونی و معاشرتی مسئلہ

In a situation of conflict or divorce between wife and husband there generally arises the issue concerning the custody of child. Muslim scholars of Islamic law are not unanimous over who, father or mother, has the right to the custody of child. Some scholars are of the view that the mother has the right to the custody of the male child until he 7 year old, and that of the female one until her age of puberty provided that the mother does not get married to someone else. This article deals with the issue from the angle of child's welfare, and tries to come to the conclusion that if the child's welfare is taken care of by the father more than the mother, the father should be given the right to the child's custody, and vice versa.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance Dissemination in the Environment

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging threat to public health worldwide. The importance of environmental reservoirs as a source of AMR emergence and transfer is well established. In the first phase of the study, a comparative genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the gut microbiome of broiler and household chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was performed to evaluate the role of small scale poultry slaughter houses in resistance dissemination. An array of 52 qPCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene, ARGs and MGEs was used in the experiment to analyse the abundance of selected genes. A total of 22 ARGs and 7 MGEs were detected in all samples. The detection frequency of specific gene classes and diversity of genes was found to be higher in broiler as compared to household chicken. Sul1 was the most abundant ARG with the highest percent relative abundance (2.4%). Total percent relative abundance of ARGs in broiler chicken was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) greater than household chicken. A significant linear correlation (r2=0.89) was found between relative abundances of int1 and total ARGs. The clustering and correlation of selective ARGs with MGEs has implied that small scale poultry slaughterhouses can be a potential source for the dissemination of ARGs to other non-resistant environmental and/or clinical bacteria. Expansion in whole genome sequencing and subsequent increase in antibiotic resistance targets have paved the way of high throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) for analyzing hundreds ofARGs in a single run. In the second phase of the study, a meta-analysis of 51 selected studies is performed to evaluate the abundance trends of ARGs over the last 7 years. WaferGenTM SmartChip was found to be the most widely used HT-qPCR platform among others for evaluating ARGs. More than 1000 environmental samples (excluding biological replicates) from different parts of the world have been analysed on HT-qPCR until October, 2018. Calculated detection frequency and normalized ARGs abundance (ARGs/ 16S rRNA gene) reported in gut microbiome have shown a trend of low ARGs as compared to other environmental matrices. Disparities in the HT-qPCR data analysis which are causing difficulties to researchers in precise interpretation of results have been highlighted and a possible way forward for resolving them is also suggested.The importance of anaerobic digesters for mitigating the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes is well known. The effect of substrate shock on the resistome of anaerobic digester is never evaluated. In the third phase sludge samples from 20 years old lab-scale bioreactors were analyzed by HT-qPCR for evaluating the impact of glucose shock on the community resistome of the reactors categorized as LS and HS. An array of 96 primers targeting antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was used in the first experiment to analyze the abundance of genes before and after the glucose perturbation. The relative abundance of majority of the genes was increased in response to glucose perturbation. A second more expanded array consisting of 214 primers was also used to analyze the cooccurrence of the genes and to compare the overall resistome of the two reactor types. The resistome of the two reactor types was found to be significantly different from each other (P<0.01). Analysis of the co-occurrence network implied that anaerobic digesters can be a potent site for the acquisition of ARGs by pathogenic bacteria via horizontal gene transfer, further aggravating the already complex issue of AMR. A significant evidence has suggested that the knowledge and attitude trends among the community, pharmacists and physicians can play a critical role in managing the ever increasing threat of AMR. Thus in the final phase of the study, a cross-sectional survey was performed using three specific self-administered questionnaires for community members, pharmacists/ pharmacy owners and physicians on a randomly selected sample population of 473, 424 and 308 respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and Pearson chi-square tests was performed during data analysis. A response rate of 81.2% (n=385), 37.7% (n=160) and 53.9% (n=166) was achieved for general community, pharmacists/ pharmacy owners and physicians respectively. More than half of the community participants (55.6%; n=214), 26.6% (n=4) qualified pharmacists and 86.2% (n=125) non-qualified pharmacy owners possess poor knowledge of AMR. Education level was found to be significantly influencing (p<0.05) the AMR knowledge of the community members. In 90.6% (n=145) of the pharmacies included in the survey, a qualified pharmacist was not present at the time of the operations. Our study will provide effective assessment and potential insights in designing tri-faceted interventions for rationalizing antibiotics consumption thus controlling the development and dissemination of AMR.