ہجرت مدینہ
ہجرت مدینہ سے قبل کئی مسلمان اذیتوں اور تکلیفوں کے سبب حبشہ ہجرت کر چکے تھے۔وہاں بھی قریش نے پل بھر سکھ کا سانس نہ لینے دیا۔اپنا وفد بھیج کر شاہ حبش سے درخواست کی کہ انھیں اپنے ملک سے نکال دیں۔شاہ حبش نے درخواست مسترد ہی نہیں کی بل کہ مسلمانوں سے کہا کہ میرے ملک میں جہاں چاہو رہو۔اب ایک اور مقام کی طرف مسلمان بہ حکم رسولﷺ مدینہ ہجرت کرنے لگے۔ایک ایک دو دو موقع پاکر جانے لگے۔دوسری طرف قریش کے ظلم و ستم کی وارداتیں بڑھتی گئیں۔ طرح طرح کی اذیتیں دیں۔یہاں تک کہ قریشی بی بی کا شوہر جو غیر کفو ہوتا اس کی ہجرت کرنے کا پتہ چلتا‘پکڑ لاتے اور ظلم ڈھاتے نیز حفظ ما تقدم کے تحت اس کی بیوی کو ضمانت کے طور پر نظر بند کر دیتے۔بعض شوہروں کو ہجرت سے روکتے‘ نہ رکتے تو قید کر دیتے۔ مسلمان بچارے پٹتے تھے لیکن آہ و زاری نہیں کرتے تھے تکلیفیں سہتے مگر حر ف شکا یت زبان پر نہیں لاتے تھے جو جو ظلم کر سکتے تھے قریش نے روا رکھا لیکن ظالم کو کیا خبر کہ مظلوموں پر کیسی قیامت گزر رہی ہے ۔ ہر طرف دکھوں اور دردوں کے پہرے تھے پھر بھی وہ صبر کا پہاڑ تھے ڈٹے رہے اور زبان شکر گزاری کے ترانے الاپتی تھی ۔ خد اکا نام لینا جرم تھا ، نماز یا تلاوت قرآن کر نا موت کو دعوت دینا تھی ۔ آفات و آلام ان کے تعاقب میں تھے اور بقول انوری جو بلا آسمان سے آتی ہے انوری کے گھر کا پتہ پوچھتی ہے گویا رات کی سنگینی کا عالم یہ تھا کہ خود حضور ﷺ ( جن کی حفاظت کا ذمہ خود خدا نے لیا تھا ، خطرے سے باہر نہ تھے ۔غرض ہر ظلم...
Today’s world is a global village. Societies affect each other far deeper and faster than ever. New problems are sprouting with every coming day. We feel that the cultural issues are the most significant ones in this context. The question is how we should deal with these problems. To us, the solution lies in the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention), one of the instruments of Sharī‘ah (Islamic Law). Such is its importance as all the four schools of thought are of the same opinion about its scope. A cultural change if drives Muslims away from the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will have to be stopped or altered to suit the objectives, but if it leads to something good without damaging the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will be accepted. New problems are multifarious. We need to bring ijtihād into practice and solve such problems. This research article discusses the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention.), its meaning, definition, and scope. It also discusses different opinions of scholars. The author of this paper, then, deliberates its use for its applications to solve the new problems being faced by the Muslims across the world.
Pakistan is an agricultural country. Agriculture is the mainstay of the country’s economy. Wheat as a staple food crop of Pakistan is grown on about 8 million hectares every year. It is a Rabi (winter) crop and follows by rice and cotton in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat systems, respectively. Pakistan’s population is increasing at an alarming pace and it has reached to about 170 million already. It is, therefore, imperative to enhance wheat yield by encouraging farmers, predominantly small farmers, to grow more wheat with efficient and judicious use of land and water resources. Land and water resources especially for agricultural purposes are getting scarce day by day due to mismanagement. This water deficient scenario is also posing serious threats to food security for coming generations. A shift in the irrigation techniques intervening flooded irrigation methods for efficient utilization of resources are being recommended and same has been actively adopted in many areas of the Pakistan. The irrigation water saving technologies mainly include Watercourse Improvement, Improved farm layout, Laser land leveling and bed planting of wheat. The techniques adopted in the Punjab have shown encouraging results. To see the adoption of latest technologies at small farms, district Faisalabad was selected as study area, which consists of five Tehsils; Faisalabad, Jaranwala, Sammandri, Chak Jhumra and Tandlianwala. To see implications of the water saving irrigation interventions a tehsile wise list of improved watercourses was collected from the office of the District Officer, Water Management Faisalabad. A list of 25 watercourses was separately prepared duly authenticated by water management officer, where maximum water saving interventions were applied. Ten improved watercourses where maximum (5 or 6 out of 10 water saving irrigation interventions)were found applied, were selected by using Randomizer.com pathway from each Tehsil, thus total 30 improved watercourses were taken where maximum water saving irrigation interventions were applied. From these 30 watercourses 9 small farmers (having landholding<12.5 acres) were selected randomly from each watercouse, 3 from Head, Middle and Tail, respectively. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations and rank orders were used to summarize different variables. Chi-square, Contingency Coefficient test was also used to find out the association and degree of association between dependent and independent variables. The adoption level of farmers regarding water saving irrigation was 90%and increase in wheat yield was significantly affected. Overall the results of the data show that adoption of the water saving interventions affected the income of the respondents. Furthermore the adoption of water saving interventions as well as wheat sowing recommendations also affected upon the socio economic conditions of the respondents. There also existed significant association among different independent and dependent attributes.