نیل کنارے دو دل ہارے
مصری نوجوان ان دو شخصیات کے ممنون ہوں نہ ہوں دریائے نیل کی ممنونیت سے انکار نہیں کر سکتے ۔دریا کے کنارے سرکار نے بیٹھنے کے لیے خوبصورت اور آرام دہ جگہ بنائی ہے یہاں نیل کی تازہ ہوا کے جھونکے کی سر مستی میں یہ نوجوان لڑکے اور لڑکیا ں ایک دوسری سے محبت کی پینگیں بڑھاتے ہیں ۔مصر میں مرد و زن کے اختلاط پرکوئی سرکاری یا سماجی پابندی نہیں عورت اپنی زندگی کا ساتھی بڑے اعتماد کے ساتھ نا صرف چن سکتی ہے بلکہ اس کا اظہا بھی برملا کر تی ہے ۔ میرے خیال میں شاید ہی کسی دوسرے مسلم ملک میں عورت کو یہ اختیار حاصل ہو جو مصری عورت کو حاصل ہے ۔دریائے نیل کے کنارے جوان جوڑوں کی بیٹھک دریا کے حسن میں اضافے کا موجب بنتی ہے ۔مصری لڑکیاں جدید مغربی لباس کے اوپر خوش رنگ کوٹ زیب تن کر کے اور سر پر دوپٹے کی جگہ سکارف پہنے انتہائی جاذبِ نظر دکھاتی دیتی ہیں ۔تھوڑے تھوڑے فاصلے پر بیٹھے ان جوڑوں کے درمیان سوڈان او ر دوسرے غریب افریقی ممالک کی خواتین گھومتی نظر آتی ہیں جو ہاتھوں میں خوش رنگ گلدستے لیے ان محب اور محبوب کی خوش گپیوں میں مخل ہو کر رنگ میں بھنگ ڈال کر مطالبہ کرتی ہیں کہ ہم سے پھول خرید کر اپنے دوست کو پیش کرے ۔میں نے سوڈانی خاتون سے پوچھا کہ دن میںکتنے گلدستے فروخت کرتی ہو ،بولی دن اچھا ہو تو سو جنین کے پھول نکل جاتے ہیں میں نے دکتور محمود سے پوچھا کہ آپ نے کبھی کسی کے ساتھ نیل کے کنارے پر لطف وقت بتایا ہے ،بولے ہائے میرے نصیب میری غربت اس راہ میں بڑی رکاوٹ ہے ۔میں نے پوچھا اس پر لطف وقت کے لیے...
Dr Ghulam Mustafa Khan [d. 2005] can truly be said to be a teacher of teachers [ustadh al-asatadha]. In his long and distinguished academic career spanning over six decades, he brought into existence literally hundreds of teachers in his subject Urdu and also created in many of them a taste for critical research that resulted in the existence of a whole corpus of standard critical material. This will endure in academic circles for a long time. It was his common habit to encourage his students, especially those of an academic bent of mind, to enrol for a Ph.D. In the course of which he would proffer them all kinds of assistance even if he were not their research supervisor. As such, the names of Dr Najmul Islam, who succeeded him as Chairman, Department of Urdu, University of Sindh, stands out. Dr Najmul Islam was the editor of a scholarly research journal, Tehqiq, which appeared in over 20 volumes in his own lifetime. Each issue contained scores of critical essays of a very high academic standard including his own [Dr N. Islam’s]. There is also the name of Dr Hasrat Kasganjvi, who emerged as a creative artist and critic of merit later on authoring dozens of books of high academic standard. The list is long and distinguished and contains the names of the major teachers of Urdu language and literature at the main Pakistani universities. Apart from Urdu teachers, the thousands of persons who had the benefit of attending his lectures and courses are also evidence of his intellectual wide-ranging scholarship. Then there is the select circle of his murids who formed his circle of spiritual knowledge and who had proffered their religious devotion at his hands. To these he gave the benefit of his spiritual counsel and advice as well as the vast knowledge he possessed of the Islamic sciences in his table-talk. Among these persons, the name of ex-President Ziaul Haq is most prominent.
Background: Spinal anesthesia is an effective regional anesthesia technique, which is preferred in almost 86% of cesarean sections in the United States and United Kingdom. Eighty percent of cesarean sections done at the Aga Khan University hospital are under spinal anesthesia. Shivering is a common complication of spinal anesthesia, it occurs in 40%-64% of patients after neuraxial anesthesia. Shivering may cause maternal and fetal hypoxemia, maternal discomfort and a problem to the anesthesiologists when it comes to monitoring the patient during cesarean sections. Ondansetron a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is effective in treatment and prevention of post spinal anesthesia shivering. In published studies use of a fixed dose in patients with different weights, masked the dose effect ondansetron in preventing shivering. Such that not adjusting the dose according to the weight of patients’ resulted in a higher occurrence of shivering. No study compares different doses of ondansetron in preventing shivering in parturient women who have had spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Objectives: To determine if a weight-adjusted dose is better than a fixed dose of ondansetron in preventing shivering following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Study design: Double blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Method: This is a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial of 124 women scheduled for elective cesarean surgery. The Women were randomized into two equal groups. The intervention group received intravenous ondansetron weight adjusted dosing at 0.1mg/kg and the control group received a fixed dose of 4mg before spinal anesthesia. The occurrence and severity of shivering and other outcomes, such as headache, pruritus were assessed and recorded during the surgery and postoperative period. Results: A total of 124 patients were included in the study. Social demographic data and baseline vital signs did not differ significantly between the groups. Shivering was observed in 14 patients (22.6%) in the control group that received 4mg ondansetron and 7 patients (11.3%) in the intervention group that had 0.1mg/kg of ondansetron, but there was no statistical difference between the groups (p- value 0.090). The severity of shivering was greater in the control group compared to intervention group where patients who developed grade two shivering were 8.1% to 0% respectively. (P value 0.047). There was no difference in the occurrence of pruritus between the two groups. No patient developed a headache or required treatment for very severe shivering. Conclusion: This study, found that Ondansetron weight adjusted dose at 0.1mg/kg, reduced the severity of shivering when compared to