ہیومنزم کے نظریہ پر تنقید و تحقیق: اسلام کی روشنی میں

Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that empha-sizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. Humanism as a philosophy today can be as little as a perspective on life or as much as an entire way of life; the common feature is that it is always focused primarily on human needs and interests. Humanism is a rational philosophy informed by science, inspired by art, and motivated by compassion. Humanism derives the goals of life from human need and interest rather than from theological or ideological abstractions, and asserts that humanity must take responsibility for its own destiny. Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance which affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. It stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethics based on human and other natural values in a spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities. It is not theistic, and it does not accept supernatural views of reality. Islam rejects the basic philosophical premise that humans rather than God are the measure of all things and that all intrinsic moral values are derived from human desires and needs. Islam, like other Semitic religions, teaches that God is the ultimate source of all moral values. Humanistic psych-ology concepts are too vague. Critics argue that subjective ideas such as authentic and real experiences are difficult to objectify; an experience that is real for one individual may not be real for another person. For this reason, critics believe that conclusions drawn from subjective experiences are almost impossible to verify, making research in humanistic psych-ology unreliable. In addition, critics claim that humanistic psychology is not a true science because it involves too much common sense and not enough objectivity.

Cultural Diversity and Human Resource Development in Modern Organization

Hybrid human resource management system (exhibiting strong mechanism for cultural accommodation without loss of ‘identity’) is discovered in Shifa International Hospital as diffused Human Resource Management model (based on individualism, democratic relationship and gender egalitarianism) has been adopted to organize Pakistani workforce according to international standards. This thesis argues that Shifa system is working on synergistic approach while considering indigenous assumption of employee relations, besides international standards of employee management. This thesis identifies that the prevailing employee management practices exhibit plural characteristics reflecting both foreign and local traits as a resultant of the confluence of local (collective self - identification, in equality and gender segregation) and North American cultural values (individualism, equality, and gender egalitarianism). This research has also uncovered that embedded assumptions of obligatory relations fairly influence the execution of impersonal HR policy in Shifa through internal and external interventions. It finally, depicts hybrid organizational culture reflecting both local and foreign traits as a continuum of individualism-collectivism, equality-inequality and gender differentiation- egalitarianism.