جب سورج ڈھلنے لگتا ہے
یاد مجھے تُو کیوں آتا ہے
تُو نے پہنے ہیں دستانے
میرے دل کا خون ہوا ہے
تیرے شہر میں آ کر مجھ کو
اپنا آپ ہی بھول گیا ہے
تُو نے نہیں بنایا اپنا
تیرے شہر کو اپنایا ہے
تیری ساری باتیں سچی
کیسے کہوں میں تُو جھوٹا ہے
کوئی تری مجبوری ہو گی
میں نے اب یہ سوچ لیا ہے
اِس دل کو کیسے سمجھائوں
یہ تجھ کو اپنا سمجھا ہے
عشق کی آگ یہ کیسی بھڑکی
سب کچھ جل کر راکھ ہُوا ہے
تیرے شہر سے جانے لگا ہوں
کوئی مجھ کو روک رہا ہے
Osteopenia is regarded as the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) which is lower than that of the average value but not as low as Osteoporosis. In Pakistan, Osteoporosis and Osteopenia among women have become one of the most common problems of recent times. Objectives: To find the frequency of osteopenia among females in Faisalabad and its association with SES (Socio Economic Status). Methodology: It was an analytical and cross-sectional study which was conducted at Niaz Medicare Clinic in Faisalabad. The study was completed in 9 months from 18 October 2019 to 18 July 2020. Non probability purposive sampling was done and 323 females were taken for the study. Results: The results demonstrated that 56.3% of the population had Osteopenia. Socio Economic Status had as statistically significant association with Osteopenia (p= 0.041). The results also revealed that the females belonging to middle class and lower class had a higher prevalence of Osteopenia than the females of upper Socio Economic Status. Conclusion: the frequency of Osteopenia was fairly high among females specifically the age group 18-29 years. There was an association found between Osteopenia and Socio Economic status (p =0.041).
This study titled as Socio-economic Factors of Depression among Women in Selected Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, was carried out with Mixed Method Research (MMR) approach under the concurrent triangulation strategy of analysis. For quantitative data, a self-designed structured questionnaire was used to collect data about socio-economic profile of the respondents whereas Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) was applied to diagnose the women with depression. Severity of depression was assessed on the basis of DSM severity scale. Chi square test was applied to find out association between socio-economic variables and depression. Qualitative data was managed manually using interview guide. Both quantitative data and qualitative data were triangulated for comparison to see similarities and dissimilarities therein. The study population included 450 women, out of whom 300 had depression while the rest 150 respondents were non-depression respondents who were interviewed for the sake of comparison. Mean age of the respondents was 35.4 years (SD±11.61). Ninety seven percent had moderate depression. Bivariate analysis showed that depression in sampled women was significantly associated with domestic violence, household debt, polygamy of husbands, emotional abuse, early marriage, non-cordial relationship with in-laws and lack of freedom in the context of spending. The emerging themes of qualitative data during the in-depth interview were almost the same except the hiding of information about their illness from community and other family members. The reason for such act was to avert socially and culturally induced phenomena. The matching qualitative themes included early marriage, domestic abuse, economic difficulties, suicidal behaviour and distortion in social relationships among depressed women. In a nut shell, all the emerging themes were in congruence with the quantitative findings except hiding of depression. The study recommends the inculcation of massive awareness regarding the negative bearings of depression and also generation of socio-economic opportunities for women in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB).