Persecution of Press in Sindh: Case Study of Al-Waheed and Watan Newspapers during Political Movements, 1920-22

The purpose of this research was to study the persecution of press in Sindh during the currency of Pan-Indian political movements known as Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements, during 1920-22. In this regard the case study of two popular newspapers, Al-Waheed and Watan, were conducted to understand the mechanism of monitoring and controlling the newspapers in Sindh by the colonial rulers. The study explores the political landscape of Sindh in particular and India in general during those turbulent times as well as examines the state of journalism in the province at that time. With the help of the case study of two popular newspapers, the study highlights the mechanism adopted by the colonial government for monitoring and controlling the press in Sindh. In this regard the archival official records as well as translations of the critical articles published in those newspapers were accessed at the India Office Records (IOR) section of British Library, London. The methodology adopted for the current study mainly comprised historical, analytical and content analysis. The study concludes that the press in Sindh faced severe hardships at the hands of the British government through a coercive mechanism with active involvement and concurrence of all the capitals of Sindh’s governance, i.e. Karachi, Bombay, Delhi and London. The study is first of its kind that highlights the role played and sacrifices rendered by press in Sindh for the freedom of press during colonial rule in 192022. ______

Eigenfunction Matching and Acoustic Scattering by Waveguide Structures

In recent years, the study of acoustic scattering have provided a wide range of challenging problems for applied mathematicians, physicists and engineers. In this thesis, we consider two dimensional pentafurcated waveguides and parallel plate''s channel waveguide problems with different combinations of soft and hard boundary conditions by applying powerful eigenfunction matching or mode-matching technique. The reflected field amplitude behavior is depicted graphically for various dimensions for all these problems when the fundamental mode is assumed to propagate out of the mouth of the semi-infnite waveguide. Reflection and transmission by scattering and transfer matrices are also presented for parallel plate''s channel waveguides consist of single and double samples (scatters) by exploiting symmetry of the structures. We have shown how we can extend this work for multiple channel waveguide problems to reduce numerical and computational effort. This research work will be helpful for researchers to reduce unwanted noise effects in exhaust models, complicated devices and band stop filter analysis.