مجھ پہ ہے ظلم کہ ملنا بھی گوارا نہ کیا
ملنا تو دور کوئی رسمی اشارہ نہ کیا
خاک تھی مجھ کو بھی اکسیر درِ جاناں کی
پر کسی نے بھی مرے درد کا چارہ نہ کیا
تھی مرے سامنے دنیا بھی حسیں، بانہیں بھی
پر ترے عشق نے کچھ اور گوارا نہ کیا
تیری ان سرمگیں آنکھوں نے بھی پھیری آنکھیں
مجھ پہ ٹھہری نہ نظر پاس ہمارا نہ کیا
دشتِ افسوس کے رہرو کو یوں چھیڑو نہ فضاؔ
تیرے کوچے سے کبھی جس نے کنارا نہ کیا
The central theme of this research is to explore the effectiveness of prisons staff in the reintegration of the prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) jails. Mixed method was adopted to carry out the study. Seven high-profile jails within Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, one jail each, in all the seven administrative divisions, were purposively selected. Of all 277 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the seven jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire. The remaining 27 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included judges, lawyers, jail officials, human right activists and ex-prisoners. Further, One focus group discussion was arranged to gain more deep insight into the phenomenon in question. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted for the collection and analysis of data. It was found that prison staff in Pakistan is characterized by lack of will and skill to transform prisons into correction institutions. Their involvement in torturing the inmates, providing them proscribed stuff, sexual assaults on the prisoners, taking bribery for extending legal and illegal favors etc is deeply-seated within the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa prisons. Providing best trainings to the prisons’ staff considering modern-day needs, their salaries increase along with sound service structure, meritorious selection, transfer and up-gradation of the prisons’ employees, recruitment of the needed staff to bridge the staff-inmate huge gape and ensuring the effective accountability system of prisons are the suggested measures to overcome the problem at hand.
Teaching English language to the students, and engaging them in the learning tasks especially non-natives, is not an easy task for the teachers in public schools of Pakistan.Teachers of English generally use Grammar Translation Methods (GTM) to teach English which affects the language skills of the students like listening, reading, writing and speaking skills. Various other factors also come into play when English language is taught to non-natives like pedagogical skills of the teachers who are also non-native speakers of English. Keeping this in view, this study was planned to explore the current teaching practices of English language teachers and how they engage students in reading comprehension skills in the context of public schools in rural areas of Gilgit-Baltistan. Qualitative study approach of case study was used to explore and observe the teaching practices of the two English language teachers teaching at grade 6. Data was collected through interviews, classroom observations, document analysis, and field notes. Likewise, focus group discussions were also arranged with the students to look at teachers teaching practices from students’ perspectives. The cases of two English language teachers revealed that they were teaching reading comprehension using GTM. That practice was not helpful for the students to get engaged in the process of reading comprehension.The teachers were not engaging students with reading comprehension strategies such as skimming, scanning, questioning, guessing and meaning making. Participant teachers taught English as a subject, but not as a language. The findings of the interviews and observations imply that teachers of English require the teaching skills of language such as reading comprehension. English teachers need support to learn how to engage students in reading comprehension skills in order to make their teaching purposeful.