عدالتی خلع اورپاکستانی عدالتوں کے فیصلوں کی روشنی میں اس کی قانونی بنیادیں Judicial Khul’ and its Legal Grounds in the light of Decisions of Pakistani Courts

The doctrine of Khul’ has, within the course of last few years, assumed a great deal of importance in Pakistan because literacy rate in women is increasing rapidly and their dependency on men is decreasing. Now, women can easily make their own decisions with free consent due to their some awareness about their rights, especially regarding dissolution of marriage. Majority of women is still ignorant about dissolution of marriage on the ground of Khul’. Therefore, it is very necessary to explain all different aspects of “doctrine of Khul’” for ensuring justice in our society. The present research has mainly explored the grounds of judicial Khul’ and other relevant incidents in the light of Pakistani Case Law based on Islamic family Law. The research is based primarily on the decisions of superior courts of Pakistan. The decisions of family courts of Pakistan have been included in the discussion. The relevant provisions of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 and the Family Courts Act, 1964 have also been debated. The difference between Khul’ and other modes of dissolution of marriage have also been elaborated briefly.

Islamic Vs Conventional Banking in Pakistan Financial Performance Evaluation Using ?M-Scales?

Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to evaluate and explore the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan. The study discovers the effecting variable(s) on the financial performance of banking sector of Pakistan. The research study has conducted an analysis using ?M-SCALES? for Islamic and conventional banking sector. Methodology/Design/Approach: Primary and secondary data collection is applied to gather the data. A primary data based study from 105 respondents from Islamic and conventional banking executives/advisors has been conducted to collect data for ?Shariah Compliance? variable on 5-point likert scale. Secondary data collected for CAMELS model from financial reports of selected banks. ROA and ROE are used as a proxy for performance. 2-Stage Least Square (2-SLS) model is used to investigate the relationship between financial performance and CAMELS approach, with Shariah Compliance as an instrumental variable. Findings: The study concludes that there is a statistically significant relationship among earnings, sensitivity and performance (ROA and ROE) of banking sector. The study also found significant relation between ROE and asset quality. The F-statistic being significant indicates reasonable overall fit at the 5% level of significance for both models. Research Limitations: Islamic banking industry have limited banks operating in Pakistan and from six (6) banks we have limitisizaed to five (5) Islamic banks due to the Burj Bank has been merged into Al Baraka Bank Pakistan effective 1st November, 2016. MCB Islamic Bank Limited added with 8 branches as of 30 June, 2016. Managerial Implications: The study assist investor?s and decision making authorities of domestic and international banks to have a better look of Islamic banking and conventional sector banks performance.