خوش رنگ و خوش نما ہے وُہ گنبد جو سبز ہے
آنکھوں میں بس رہا ہے وُہ گنبد جو سبز ہے
اِس نامۂ سیاہ کے بدلے پنہ کہاں؟
ہاں ایک آسرا ہے وُہ گنبد جو سبز ہے
چہرے پہ جو لکھی ہے وہ زردی ہے خوف کی
آنکھوں میں تیرتا ہے وہ گنبد جو سبز ہے
دل بھی سفید رنگ کبوتر ہے آس کا
یہ بھی تو ڈھونڈتا ہے وُہ گنبد جو سبز ہے
نیلاہٹوں میں غرق ہے مسموم ہے فضا
تریاق بانٹتا ہے وُہ گنبد جو سبز ہے
میرے لہو سے سُرخ ہے عابدؔ یہ راہِ شوق
مجھ کو بُلا رہا ہے وُہ گنبد جو سبز ہے
Tujuan Penelitian yaitu mendesain Villa Terapung di Pulau Kera yang mengambil unsur budaya lokal dengan pendekatan Arsitektur Vernakuler agar dapat memenuhi berbagai aspek seperti dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan penelitian, ilmu pengetahuan, pendidikan, menunjang budidaya, pariwisata dan rekreasi alam. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada perencanan dan perancangan vila terapung di Kawasan Pulau Kera Propinsi NusaTenggara Timur adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang mampu mendeskripsikan serta menganalisa kegiatan atau data yang bersifat alamiah. Variabel penelitian Perencanaan dan Perancangan Villa Terapung Di Pulau Kera Dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Vernakular Timor Nusa Tenggara Timur terdiri dari Parameter dan Indikator yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan pada kajian yang dilakukan. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan untuk memperoleh data yang relevan maka beberapa teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu observasi, studi literatur, studi banding. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk adalah analisis kualitatif model interaktif yang diajukan oleh Milles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan daya tarik wisatawan terhadap Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kabupaten Kupang khususnya Kawasan Pulau Kera dan menjadi bahan masukan dan pertimbangan bagi pihak-pihak yang memerlukan.
The overall aim of the study entitled as “Determinants of agriculture production and supply price along with non-price response of major crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan” is to investigate, analyze and evaluate price and non-price factors influencing the adoption, acreage and production of major crops (i.e wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Influence of prices and impact of non-price factors are quite essential supply response determinants of major crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as they assist them in shaping their agronomic practices right from seed preparation to the disposal of final produce in market for production and acreage enhancement. The present study is carried out to estimate supply response of farmers and contribution of each explanatory variable to the production and acreage of major crops. In this regard, annual time series data over a period of time (1976-77 to 2007-08) have been used. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) techniques of estimation are run on various combinations of price and non-price factors along with their respective lagged values, which have provided useful information as policy guidelines in order to enhance the major crops returns in the shape of its production and acreage. To investigate more precisely the farmer’s responses to price and non-prices determinants of wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton crops, the Nerlovian Partial Adjustment Model, being popular supply response model, has been applied to bring about significant influences of explanatory variables on production and acreage responses of major crops. On the identification of stationarity issues in selected price and non-price determinants of model equations in all nine cases of thesis, Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test is applied for the purpose of determining the order of integration through process of differencing. When 1st, 2nd and 4th difference variables are applied to various combinations of price and non-price factors in logarithmic version of basic model equations, which clearly proved that respective variables are stationary of order 1, 2 or 4 in respective production and acreage responses of major crops. In view of production and acreage responses of wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton, the short run and long run price as well as non-price elasticities were found sizeable with slightly widest divergence in various combinations of model equations of nine cases, indicating the intensity of influence of respective explanatory variables (price and nonprice factors) on the dependent variable (production and acreage of major crops). In concluding remarks, it has been revealed during discussions of all nine cases of study that agricultural prices certainly played vital role in making sure the proper allocation of productive resources for the growers of wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton. Enhanced production and acreage of major crops encourages farmer’s income, savings and investments, which induced them to adopt latest techniques of crop management i.e seed bed preparation, cultivation, watering, weeding, chemical fertilizations, insecticides, harvesting, preventing post-harvest losses, marketing, processing, storages etc. Due to fluctuations in prices of major crops (i.e support price, nominal support price, real support price, market price, price of fertilizers etc) and the impact of non-price factors (rainfall, cultivated area, cropped area, cropping intensity, area irrigated by different sources, agricultural credits, fertilizer offtake, culturable waste, land use intensity, total reported area, total cultivated area, net cultivated area etc) have exerted significant influences at P<0.10, P<0.05 and P< 0.01 as well as non-significance impact shown on production and acreage responses of wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton. Finally the author suggests and recommends policy statements that market and support price policy of Government needs to be streamlined by stabilizing the price (i.e especially elimination of cyclical and seasonal fluctuation of price), acreage adjustments (i.e elasticity of price and area), avoiding post harvest losses (i.e timely storage, effective means of communications and transport for bringing the produce from point of production to the point of consumption in time), processing of agriculture produce (i.e enhancing withholding capacity of produce due to its perishable nature), initiation of government procurements (i.e obtaining surplus produce directly from growers), provision of subsidy (i.e minimizing the burden of price on consumers), rational import-export policy (i.e meeting the growing demand through importing the goods and enhanced supply through exporting the produce). The study has made policy recommendations to improve the supply responses of price as well as non-price factors and returns to major crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan).