Introduction of Dr. Isrār Aḥmad
Dr. Isrār Aḥmad was born on 26th April, 1932A. D/1350A. H. in Ḥiṣār District (India). He was an active member and General Secretary of The Muslim Students Federation for the period 1945-46 A. D. He stood first in Matriculation Exam in 1366A. H/1947A. D in District Ḥiṣār attaining 4th position among the Muslim students of Punjāb. During schooling, he was greatly inspired by the poetry of ‘Allāma Muḥammad Iqbāl (d:1357A. H/1938A. D) and picked up the will to strive for the renaissance of Islām. In Oct-Nov 1947A. D, he came over to Pākistān with a caravan undertaking a tiresome journey of twenty days by traveling on foot. In 1368A. H/1949A. D, he passed F. Sc. from Government College Lāhore, securing 4th position in Punjāb University. He did his MBBS from King Edward Medical College, Lāhore in 1374A. H/1954A. D. Dr. Isrār established the Qur’ān Study Circle and Islamic Hostel at Montgomery (Sāhīwāl) in 1960-61A. D. In 1962A. D, he performed his first pilgrimage with his parents. He passed his M. A. (in Islāmic studies) from Karāchī University in 1965A. D securing 1st position. Thereafter, he set up a private clinic and Qur’ānic Circle at Lāhore. In 1391A. H/1971A. D, he proceeded again for the pilgrimage. It was that period of time when he decided to give up the medical practice and dedicate the rest of his life to serving Dīn. In 1972A. D, Dr. Isrār Aḥmad established Central Anjuman Khuddām al-Qur’ān at Krishan Nagar in Lāhore to propagate the teachings of the Qur’ān. In 1975A. D, he founded an organization with the name of Tanẓīm-e-Islāmī for the supremacy and establishment of Dīn. In the times of President General Ẓiā al-Haq (d: 1409A. H/1988A. D), Dr. Isrār Aḥmad was nominated as...
Abu Al-Rab ‘ Sulaymn Bin Msá Al-Kal‘ (565 A. H -- 634 A. H) is a great Srah writer. In this article, his scholarly and personal characteristics, the list of his works, tributes from scholars to his services and scholarly rank of Al-Kal‘ are presented. After presenting his personal features, an introduction and research analysis of his book “AlIktif’ fi Maghz Al-Mutafá wa Al-thalthah Al-Khulaf ’ ” is given. Al-Kal‘ was a great scholar and authentic Srah writer. He got knowledge of Hadth from Abul ‘At’. He attended the lectures of various scholars of Hadth such as Abul Qsim bin Al-Jaysh, Abu Bakr bin Jadd, Abu Abdullh bin Zarkn, Abdullh bin Fakhkhr, Abu Muhammad bin Jamhr, Najbah bin Yahy. Many great scholars of Hadth such as Q Tnas were his pupils and brought his knowledge to far off countries. Al-Kal‘ wrote many books on Hadth and Srah. Ibn Farhn, Abul Abbs and many other scholars have praised and paid tribute to Al-Kal‘ in their works. Main objective of the book under discussion, Al-Iktif’, is to disseminate knowledge of Srah and Hadth prolifically. Al-Kal‘ has kept in mind the caution and the principles of Srah writing derived from the Holy Qur’n. Sulaymn Bin Msá has a great quality of writing Srah books. He can be called a born scholar and a writer. His quest for knowledge took him in different cities and he gained the best of knowledge and intellect that can be seen in all of his writings. He can be called a preserver and a protector of Srah literature. He is considered the most honored and dignified person among the scientific and cultural tradition of Andalusiyah. This article proves his abilities, qualities and excellence of work.
Pakistan is facing perpetual and worsening energy crisis. For vision 2025 as announced by Government of Pakistan in 2015, the most important litmus test is to overcome energy crisis with imaginative and innovative choices of energy alternatives. The complexity of selecting the best energy alternative is more pronounced in case of Pakistan as many socio-economic and environmental factors influence the choice. Our country is blessed with both renewable and nonrenewable energy alternatives and we have to select feasible alternatives for implementation to reduce exiting increasing gap between energy supply and demand. Economic analysis of alternatives using cost benefit analysis (CBA), though gives better monetary picture but, does not cover the whole spectrum of social, environmental, political and ethical aspects which are pertinent for selection of suitable energy alternatives in case of multidimensional society of Pakistan. Therefore, this research was aimed to develop a versatile and comprehensive framework for the socio-economic 133 analysis of renewable and non-renewable energy alternatives based on factors matrix comprising socio-economic and environmental factors. Within the factors matrix approach, three methods were used for analysis of energy alternatives; the statistical analysis of factors matrix to obtain trend and ratings, digital analysis of the data by computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) to get the digitally iterated and attenuated models along with representative economathical equations and economathical analysis of equations by Newton-Leibniz integration process to obtain numerical value of the ratings. Based on the results obtained, a trend spectrograph has been prepared for the entire country south to north. The results obtained from factors matrix approach were compared with those obtained from the three constituent methods of cost benefit approach which indicated that use of both approaches in conjuncture is a necessity in Pakistan to cover multidimensional aspects in case of economic analysis of energy alternatives. At the end, policy recommendations have been given in the context of vision 2025. Overall, thesis is a unique combination of theoretical, digital and mathematical economics. Key words: Socio-economic, analysis, energy, alternatives, factors, matrix, digital, economathical, spectrograph. JEL Classification: O22, O55, Q42, Q48.