The Effect of Counseling and Training on Public Knowledge About Making Handsanitizer from Betel Extract

Hand sanitizers may help increase hand hygiene compliance as the results of invailability of basic needs for cleaning such as soap or water. Since alcohol has an irritating effect on the skin and burns quickly, it is currently discouraged as an active ingredient. Knowledge of covid 19 is critical for the world to have in order for individuals to be able to make informed choices on how to split the covid 19 transmission chain. This thesis employs a pre-experimental method that employs the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design approach. The paired t test was used to examine the relationship between the two variables, namely the betel leaf extract handsanitizer output preparation and the respondent's knowledge of the handsanitizer making process. Extension has an impact on increasing respondents' awareness of how to make natural hand sanitizers. The paired t-test findings indicate that the Sig. = 0.000 0.05, indicating that there is a discrepancy between the pretest and posttest. With a mean value of -5.967, this data indicates the average discrepancy between the pretest and posttest, with a range of -5.383 to -6.551 (95 percent CI), indicating that there is a difference between the pretest and posttest mean values, indicating that the pretest value has an influence on the post test. To stop the spread of Covid19, health care providers and the society must work together.

Synthesis, Characterization, Pharmacological and Toxicological Perspectives of Metal Complexes of Various Drugs

Generally speaking, many drugs acquire modified toxicological and pharmacological properties when they are in the form of metal complexes. The metals and their compounds have been used for medical applications throughout history. It was not until the 20th century the metal complexes began to be screened systematically for medicinal properties and the concept gained huge enhancement after the approval of Cisplatin, platinum containing anticancer drug. Working on metal complexes of already approved drugs can substantially reduce the time and money spent in clinical development. Seven Series of Copper, Zinc, Iron, Antimony, tri- and diorganotin (IV) metal complexes were synthesized by using stoichiometric amounts of various drugs. Drugs were selected from various categories in order to study their effect on the biological assay. Drugs used were Nimesulide, Ribavirin, Piracetam, Tizanidine, Cimetidine, Gliclazide, Acyclovir and Ceftriaxone. Taking in account the most commonly used NSAIDs, antibiotics and antivirals groups but the selection made was, due to the availability of the drugs and their structure’s that allowed metal coordination. FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR analysis were used for the structural assignment of the synthesized complexes. The results obtained from different analytical techniques confirmed the formation of the metal complexes. The purity of the synthesized complexes was justified by elemental analysis. All the synthesized complexes were screened for antibacterial and antifungal analysis, against medically important bacteria and fungi. Overall some of the synthesized metal complexes showed higher activity than the standard. The Toxicological activities of the synthesized complexes were studied through MTT and FRET Melting assay. In general, the copper and zinc complexes showed remarkable activity compared to organotin, iron and antimony complexes. The results of the activities of the synthesized complexes suggested that these synthesized metal complexes may be used in chemotherapy as well as bactericidal and fungicidal agents in future.