مولانا سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری
ابھی مولوی عبدالحق کودنیا سے سدھارے پوراایک ہفتہ بھی نہیں ہواتھا کہ مولانا سیدعطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری کے ملتان میں وفات پاجانے کی خبرملی۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔شاہ جی نجیب الطرفین یعنی والد اوروالدہ دونوں کی طرف سے سید تھے۔حضرت شاہ عبدالقادر جیلانی،سید محمد شاہ بخاری اورسید عبدالغفار بخاری جو اکابر اولیاء وصوفیاء میں سے تھے اسی خاندان کے مورثان اعلیٰ میں سے ہیں۔ شاہ جی کے خاندان میں جو بزرگ سب سے پہلے ہندوستان آئے وہ سید اکمل الدین بخاری تھے جنھوں نے حضرت شاہ غلام علی دہلوی سے سند خلافت حاصل کرکے مہاراجہ رنجیت سنگھ کے عہد حکومت میں پنجاب کے ضلع گجرات میں مستقل بودوباش اختیارکرلی تھی۔ مرحوم کی والدہ سیدہ فاطمہ اوراُن کے دادا میر سید عبدالسبحان کشمیر سے منتقل ہوکر عظیم آبادپٹنہ میں آبسے تھے، ان کی بیٹی حضرت خواجہ باقی باﷲ کی نواسی تھیں۔ اس طرح خواجہ شاہ جی کے ننھیالی بزرگوں میں شامل ہیں۔شاہ جی کی والدہ کے انتقال کے بعداُن کے والد سید ضیاء الدین نے بیٹے کو نانا نانی کے پاس چھوڑا اورگجرات لوٹ آئے جہاں عقد ثانی کرلیا۔اس طرح شاہ جی کی ابتدائی تعلیم وتربیت پٹنہ میں ہوئی جودلی اورلکھنؤ کے بعد اردو زبان اورشعروشاعری کاتیسرا مرکز تھا اوراُسی کااثرتھا کہ شاہ جی نسلاً پنجابی ہونے کے باوجود اردوزبان ٹکسالی بولتے اور اُس کے محاورات وضرب الامثال پربڑی قدرت رکھتے تھے۔
مرحوم کسی مدرسہ کے باقاعدہ فارغ التحصیل نہیں تھے۔انھوں نے عربی فارسی کی ابتدائی کتابیں نانا سے پڑھیں۔نانی سے اردوبول چال کی زبان سیکھی۔ شادعظیم آبادی کے اس خاندان سے ذاتی مراسم تھے۔اس تقریب سے شاہ جی کو بھی شادعظیم آبادی کی صحبتوں میں بیٹھنے اوراُن سے فائدہ اٹھانے کا موقع ملا۔ ذہانت و فطانت خداداد تھی نتیجہ یہ ہواکہ کم عمری میں ہی پختہ ہوگئے،دماغ چمک اٹھا اور زبان منجھ گئی...
Human life is the subjective of change with the changing circumstances. If we look at the condition of our late grandfather or great – grandfather and look at the contemporary situation; it will not be difficult to understand this change. The rules about some important issues had been changed with the passage of time. In the initial descendants of Adam the marriage of brothers and sisters was allowed, after the flood of Noah, due to the scarcity of animals, the meat of all kinds of animals was allowed, two sisters were married to Hazrat Yaqub (A.S) at the same time, but the rules had been reversed afterwards. Even in the time of the Holy Prophet and the rightly guided caliphs, such changes took place and they were associated with the changing conditions. Initially it was banned to visit the graves and the sacrificial meet was not allowed to keep for more than three days and it was mandatory upon the women to attend the congregational prayer but afterwards the permissions were granted contrarily. Fortunately, we have a body of jurisprudence in the light of which not only contemporary issues can be solved but also guidance can be provided for the future. Our leading Jurists, who are followed, have done a remarkable job in this regard. The following article reviews the teachings of the three jurists, namely Imam Shafi’i, Imam Malik, and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and teachings of their glean jurists. It will make clear that under changing circumstances these jurists seemed to agree on change. Therefore, by using the efforts of these jurists, we can try to resolve the problems of our contemporary changes and requirements throughout the Muslim World.
The global energy demand is currently being met by depleting sources of fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal, etc.). A deteriorating supply and an ever increasing demand have led to a major increase in fuel prices over this decade. Since fossil fuels are diminishing, the effect of this strong dependence is becoming an increasing concern. Energy services bolster the socio-economical development of a country, so a sustainable energy system is essential for the growth of a country’s economy. Regrettably, like many other countries, Pakistan is also facing worse energy crisis. Climate change and energy shortage drive Government of Pakistan to replace traditional sources of energy by alternative energy sources. Electricity generation by tidal sources has an important contribution in reducing environmental pollution, while on the other hand relatively less cost with inexhaustible and highly predictable energy source makes it further appealing. Pakistan has a 1000 kilometer coastline comprising of complex creek networks in Indus deltaic region of the Sindh province, which could be utilized for the installation of tidal plants. However there is no significant data analysis so far and the rationalize thinking, to utilized the freely and existing energy, has been made for this purpose. Therefore the major aim of this research is estimation of tidal energy resources utilizing different harnessing techniques through Geographical Information System (GIS) within the creek area of Indus delta. It is highlighted that there is no research conducted relative to the GIS method in tidal data (both tidal elevation and tidal current) of Sindh region. For this purpose different data sets are collected from different sources such as satellite imageries (Acquired from ESRI), tidal elevation data of six different locations and tidal current data of twelve different locations (Both acquired from Hydrography Department, Pakistan Navy) and incorporated into GIS environment to develop digitized layers and maps. Geostatistical Analysis tool is applied to analyze different interpolation methods to predict tidal data (both tidal elevation and tidal current) at un-observed locations and between these methods, Ordinary Kriging method is chosen for interpolation. Four models are compared for tidal elevation data : (i) Stable (ii) Circular (iii) Spherical and (iv)Exponential and four different models have been compared for tidal current data : (i) Stable (ii) Circular (iii) Exponential and (iv)K-Bessel . These models are compared, evaluated and cross-validated for selection of finest model for predictions of data at un-known locations. Power density maps are generated from selected model and based on these maps and suitable bathymetry three potential sites are selected for tidal range technology plants (Total estimated output power from these sites using VETT turbine is 358.29 MW) and thirteen site are selected for marine current technology farms (Total estimated output power from these sites using Verdant Power turbine is 2754.7MW).