تکافل کا مضاربہ ماڈل: تعارف اور عملی طریقہ کار میں پیش آمدہ مسائل کا حل

Humanity is not immortal and suffers from accidents and disaster. These dangers may exist in the present or future and humans are compelled to face all kinds of dangers. So human beings have always been taking measures to overcome the dangers. Islam also allows for adopting different methods to overcome and indemnify all expected disasters but that methods should be in sharia limitations. Takaful is that kind of method that is practised in Muslim world. Takaful companies are offering takaful policies on the basis of Wakala, Waqf, Modharba and Hybrid models. This article makes awareness about a model of takaful, “Modharba model”. It explains the takaful Modharba model in the parameters of actual Introduction conditions and sharia bases of modharbat. It is resulted that this model has great contradiction with the concept of actual sharia modharbat. Many sharia concerns are found in this model that’s why this model is not suitable for Takaful. Takaful should be on the basis of pure Tabarrou. In which people help one another on the basis of mutual assistance and cooperation not because of just their own benefits.

Impact of Contextualized Text on Students’ Learning of Writing Skills of English As Second Language for Specific Purposes at Tertiary Level

Contextualized text means the text resulting from the local circumstances and in accordance with learners’ needs and cognition level. It also suggests that the text in use includes language, understandable to the target learners, and suits the philosophy and psychology of the learners and the society. Knowledge shifts from one to another context more successfully when the pupil understands not only the specifics but also the generalized vision—the fundamental ideology, models, and associations attained through the appliance of comprehension. True experimental design was adopted for the research to explain the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Two groups (control and experimental) were selected randomly to conduct the experiment. The independent variable of the study was Contextualized text and dependent variables were Writing Skills, Thinking Skills and Social and Ethical Development of the learners while learners’ Socioeconomic Status was taken as an attribute variable. The researcher selected simple factorial design for the study to analyze the effects of attribute variable as well on the dependent variables. Descriptive statistics was used to convert the data from mere wordy data into statistical one in order to make it measurable and statistically provable. ANOVA was used to make credible inferences from the data obtained. The findings signify that improvement in students’ learning is because of the treatment and no other factor has any effect on this.