سر ولیم کروکس
ماہ گذشتہ میں علمی دنیا کے لیے سب سے اہم حادثہ یہ ہوا کہ کیمسٹری کے استاد اعظم سر ولیم کروکس نے وفات پائی، موصوف کا شمار اس وقت دنیا کے ممتاز ترین علمائے سائنس میں تھا، اور ممالک برطانیہ میں تو یقینا ان سے بڑے درجہ کا کوئی شخص اس وقت نہ تھا، کیمسٹری میں ہیلیم کا عنصر انہیں نے دریافت کیا اس کے علاوہ ان کے متعدد اکتشافات تھے، جدید اہل سائنس کے گروہ میں شاید وہ پہلے شخص تھے جو عالم ’’روحانیات‘‘ کے وجود کے قائل ہوئے۔ (’’مولوی عبدالماجد‘‘،جون ۱۹۱۹ء)
Throughout history, Interfaith Dialogue has been a continuous activity in Muslims and Christians alike. According to the historian, incident of Wafad-e-Najran[i] (Najran’s Delegation) was the first ever regular interaction between Muslims and Christians. Therefore, this incident has an academic and historic importance in Muslim -Christian perspectives. The Holy Quran describes this incident in detail. First 80 verses of Surah Ale-Imran were revealed in this context. Further information is found in the books of Hadith, Seerah and Islamic History. This incident can become a base for modern Muslim- Christian Dialogue and we can derive from it some basic principles of Dialogue. This article elaborates the incident of Wafad-e-Najran, its importance and also derives some important rules from it. These principles are: interfaith tolerance, harmony, communication, understandings, peaceful co-existence, honour and respect, wisdom and beautiful reasoning, common basis for interfaith dialogue, Daw’ah and perfection of Hujjah. This article also describes its applications in the Present Dialogue. [i] Wafad-e-Najran: It is an Arabic word, used in Hadith History and other Islamic literature. It is meant by Najran’s Delegation and I shall use throughout the article as Wafad-e-Najran.
This thesis has been divided into seven chapters. Definition and difference between novel and non-fiction prose has been deliberated upon in the first chapter. Story, novel, drama and tale are part of non-fiction prose. And remaining all kinds like, Seerat, biography, subjects, diction thesis, history, journalism, books etc. are included in non-fiction prose. In retrospect, political and social aspects have also been highlighted so as to ascertain the events and circumstances that led Sharer to write non-fiction prose. Certain movements have been mentioned to identify their effects on Sharer's skills. Topics like beginning of Sharer's literary life and his abilities are also included in the first chapter. Second chapter deals with Abdul Haleem Sharer as a biographer. Commencement and evolution of biography and research and critical analysis of Sharer's biography has been carried out in this chapter. Third chapter discusses Sharer as an essay, composition and dialogue writer. Beginning and evolution of essay and composition and Sharer's relating skills have been researched and analyzed. Distinctiveness in essay writing, dialogue writing, composition writing, the topics and writing style of Sharer has also been evaluated. Sharer has been a great historian and critics. A study of history writing is an art. Motives and objectives of Abdul Haleem Sharer's historical writings and history books written by him have been analyzed in depth. His rank and standing amongst the contemporary historians have also been discussed in the fourth chapter. Fifth chapter relates to Sharer as a journalist. Beginning and evaluation of journalism, Sharer's life as a journalist and research and analysis of various papers & periodicals has been carried out. Discussion on Sharer's standing in Urdu journalism has been discussed here. Sharer's style and protocol as a book writer is quite persuasive. Evolution of letter writing has been briefly touched upon in chapter six. Sharer's letters, topics of effects letters on his personality in the light of these letters, its significance etc. have been included in this chapter. Seventh, the last chapter summarizes Sharer's contribution towards Urdu literature. Beyond doubt, Sharer's contributions can be termed as consecration in the realm of literary circles.