سید ہاشم علی اختر صاحب
افسوس ہے کہ ۱۴؍ جون ۲۰۰۳ء کو جناب سید ہاشم علی اختر شکاگو میں وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ و انا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ جامعہ عثمانیہ کے مایہ ناز فرزند، حیدرآباد کے نام ور شخص اور ملک کے بڑے دانشور تھے، ان کو ملک کی دو شہرہ آفاق یونیورسٹیوں جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد اور علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی کا وائس چانسلر ہونے کا فخر بھی حاصل ہوا۔
جناب ہاشم علی اختر کی پیدائش ۶؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۲۴ء کو حیدرآباد میں ہوئی تھی، شروع کی تعلیم مدرسوں میں ہوئی، ۱۹۳۸ء میں انہوں نے جامعہ عثمانیہ سے بی ایس سی اور ۱۹۴۴ء میں ایم ایس سی کیا، ان کی طبیعت کا رجحان علم و تعلیم کی طرف تھا، اس لیے شروع میں درس و تدریس ہی کے پیشے سے وابستہ ہوئے، پہلے سٹی ہائی اسکول میں مدرس ہوئے پھر سٹی کالج میں جونیئر لکچرر ہوئے، مگر ان میں نظم و نسق کی صلاحیت بھی بہ درجہ اتم تھی، اس لیے جلد ہی انتظامی شعبے سے ان کا تعلق ہوگیا اور ۱۹۴۶ء میں وہ حیدرآباد سیول سروس کے لیے منتخب ہوگئے، اس کے بعد آئی۔اے۔ایس کے لیے ان کا انتخاب ہوا اور ڈپٹی کلکٹر کے عہدے پر تقرر ہوا جس سے ترقی کرتے ہوئے پرنسپل سکریڑی کے عہدے پر فائز ہوئے۔
ہاشم صاحب کو نظم و نسق کا اچھا سلیقہ تھا، ایک کامیاب اور نیک نام آئی اے ایس آفیسر کی حیثیت سے ان کو بڑی عزت و شہرت ملی، سکریٹریٹ کی اچھی کارکردگی اور خوش انتطامی ہی کی وجہ سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد حکومت نے ۱۹۸۲ء میں انہیں جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد کا وائس چانسلر مقرر کردیا، ابھی اس کی میعاد مکمل نہیں ہوئی تھی کہ ۱۹۸۵ء میں علی گڑھ یونیورسٹی کے وائس چانسلر کے لیے ان کا انتخاب ہوگیا۔
وائس چانسلر کی حیثیت سے ان کی کارکردگی...
The Holy Quran is revealed by Allah Almighty to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ over approximately 23 years. Allah Almighty has given the command in the Quran Majeed for people to obey His Messenger. According to Ghulam Ahmad Parwez, the Quran Majeed states that obedience to Allah and His Messenger means obedience to the central authority of the Government named (Markaz e Millt). The Quran provides fundamental principles, such as prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, etc., but the detailed regulations are subject to the discretion of Markaz-e-Millat, who can adapt them according to the contemporary circumstances. Any changes made by the central authority in these regulations are considered legitimate and in accordance with the divine will. This study argues that the obedience to Allah and His Messenger mentioned in the Quran does not refer to obedience to the central authority of the Muslim community, known as "Markaz-e-Millat" (Center of the Community). Numerous Quranic verses warn against disobedience and denial of the Prophet. The Prophet's actions and behavior serve as a complete model for the community, and faith in him is a fundamental requirement of the religion. In conclusion, the idea that obedience to Allah and His Messenger essentially means obedience to the central authority of the Muslim community is an interpretation based on rational understanding but is ultimately unacceptable.
Kyewords: Qu’rān, Interpretation, Ghulām Aḥmad Pervez Markaz-e-Millat, Government
Background: Head injury is a common traumatic condition seen in Kenya. Among the head injury patients seen at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, minor head injury patients are the highest proportion of non–fatal trauma patients. Minor head injury is described as witnessed loss on consciousness, definite amnesia or witnessed disorientation in a patient with a GCS score of 13–15 who has suffered a traumatic event. There has been considerable disagreement about the indication for a Computed Axial Tomography Scan of the Head (CT-head) in the large number of patients clinically classified as minor. The Canadian CT Head Rule was derived as a sensitive decision rule on the use of CT with the aim to standardize and improve the management of patients with minor head injury. The rule comprised of five high risk factors and two moderate risk factors(Appendix 1). At the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, there are no protocols that guide the decision making by physicians on when to do a CT-head for patients who have suffered a minor head injury. According to a pilot study done, approximately 96% of patients with minor head injury have a CT–head done. Objective: To determine the change in proportion of CT-scan done in patients with minor head injury after introduction of the Canadian CT Head Rule Guide at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi. Secondary objectives were to determine the proportion of patients with minor head injury and moderate risk factors according to the Canadian CT Head rule for whom CT was ordered, probability of neurosurgical intervention in patients with minor head injury and their outcomes on follow up. Study design: A Before - After study Method: A total of 84 eligible patients diagnosed with minor head injury were recruited at the Accident and Emergency Department. Forty - two patients were assessed and data on high risk factors and moderate risk factors of the CCHR, Glasgow coma scale, age, management plan and the Glasgow outcome score on follow-up collected with data collection form 1 (see appendix 2) in the 'before' group, thereafter the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR) was introduced and another forty-two patients were assessed according to data collection form 2 (see appendix 3). Results: The proportions of CT scans done in the 'before' and 'after' groups were 95.2% and 21.4% respectively. The difference of 73.8% between the two groups was statistically significant (CI 0.55 to 0.84).The proportion of patients