اسلام میں عدل کی اہمیت

Islam is an institution of justice and moderation. It is a straight path and the Muslim fraternity is the nation which practices moderation and justice. The Islamic system is based on justice. If there are tears for the oppressed then there are swords for the oppressors. Allah do command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due; and when ye judge between man and man, that ye judge with justice: verily how excellent is the teaching which He gives you! For Allah is He Who hears and sees all things." [Quran 4: 58] Allah says in the Qur'an: “Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that you may receive admonition.” (Surah An-Nahl: 90) Establishing justice is the law of Allah. It is part of the balance which Allah has created. In Surah Ar-Rahman, Allah describes how He has created a balance of justice, and why as we discussed earlier, There are times when people do wrong in this world and get away with it. Sometimes, criminals commit crimes, and no one brings them to account. There are times when wrongdoers commit their evil deeds in the darkness of night, and no one witnesses their crime, other than their Creator. As Allah Himself created the balance of justice as His law in this world, Allah will not allow any injustice to happen, without bringing that person to account. Those matters which are not resolved in this world, Allah will deal with them in the hereafter…on the Day of Judgment. Every one of us was created by Allah, and every one of us will return to Him for final judgment. Allah's creatures cannot exceed the limits and the unlawful rights which the Creator has set for them.

Anthraquinone Sulfonamides and Derived Heterocycles: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Computational Studies

Leishmaniasis, a worldwide prevalent disease, is still enjoying the ruling with no proper medication; and to add to this current gloomy scenario the disease causing parasite Leishmania is becoming resistant to the ongoing medication that is being practiced now a days. Hence, the need is to search for reasonable, safe and targeted drugs; the present research is one such effort in this direction. To begin with, Leishmanolysin (GP63), zinc metalloprotease, expressed over the surface of Leishmania species was selected as drug target due to its virulence and reason for parasite resistance. A library of benzimidazole derivatives (1-37) was synthesized and screened for its antileishmanial potential against L. major. All the compounds were found potent antileishmanial with IC50 values in the range of 0.62-0.92 μg/mL as compared to amphotericin B (standard drug) IC50 value 0.56 μg/mL. 2-(Thiophen-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazole (19) and 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazole (34) were identified as the lead compounds of the library with IC50 value of 0.62 μg/mL. ADMET properties of the entire library were also predicted by using ADMET PredictorTM and were observed to be safe. Molecular docking studies carried out on all the members of library and amphotericin B by using MOE software, indicated that the most active compounds fitted at the centre of binding pocket of GP63 built by amino acid residue His264, His268, His334 and Zn578. On the basis of molecular docking results, receptor based pharmacophore model was built containing three Aro|Hyd features and one Acc&ML feature. This pharmacophore model was used to design new scaffolds for antileishmanial compounds. Four libraries, 2-(2- aryl/heteroarylbenzimidazol-1-sulfonyl)anthraquinones (38-69), N-(heteroaryl)-anthraquinon-2- sulfonamides (70-95), aryl anthraquinon-2-sulfonates (96-111) and N-(anthraquinon-2-sulfonyl)-amino acid methylesters (112-123) were designed and all the cmpounds were found as hit by pharamocophoric search. Their antleishmanial activities were predicted by QSAR model; built by MOE software by selection of 94 descriptors and partial least square (PLS) method on experimental antileishmanial activity of 37-mebered library and amphotericin B, validated by internal and exernal test sets with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.7762. All the compounds belonging to four libraries (38-69, 70-95, 96-111 and 112- 123) were found potent antileihmanial with predicted activity in the range of 0.5435-0.9940. All the compouds were observed safe according to predicted ADMET properties and Lipinski’s rule of five (Ro5). Later, these four designed libraries were synthesized and characterized by physical constants and spectroscopic techniques for onward screening for their antileishmanial potential against L. major by using amphotericin B as standard control which confirmed that all the compounds were potent antileishmanial. Compliance of the predicted activity by QSAR model with observed activity from in vitro antileishmanial activity resulted in identification of the same lead compounds in each library 38-69, 70-95, 96-111 and 112-123 i.e. 2-(5-Nitro-4-methoxyphenyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-sulfonyl)anthraquinone (61) (predicted activity 0.6794, IC50 0.67 μg/mL), 2-(1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazol-1-sulfonyl)anthraquinone (91) (predicted activity 0.5579, IC50 0.57 μg/mL), 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-sulfonyl)anthraquinone (90) (predicted activity 0.5435, IC50 0.58 μg/mL), benzyl anthraquinon-2-sulfonate (100) (predicted activity 0.7615, IC50 0.76 μg/mL) and N-(anthraquinon-2-sulfonyl)-2-phenylglycine methylester (123) (predicted activity 0.7305, IC50 0.75 μg/mL). Pharmacophore based molecular docking studies carried out on all the eighty six compounds on GP63 by MOE software showed hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding and metal ligation interactions with His268, His264, His334 and Zn578, respectively. This entire set of experiments in both dry and wet labs led to a successful designing of a variety of anthraquinon-2- sulfonamides as a novel scaffold having strong antileishmanial effect.