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Home > Employability of Master of Banking and Finance Graduates in the Large Banks of Pakistan [Ms Banking and Finance]

Employability of Master of Banking and Finance Graduates in the Large Banks of Pakistan [Ms Banking and Finance]

Thesis Info

Author

By Maria Munawar, Mohammad Umer, Mohsina Khan, Afzall Shahid and Ali Sajjad

Department

UMT. School of Professional Advancement

Program

MS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

60 . CD

Subject

Management & Auxiliary Services

Language

English

Other

English; Call No: TP 658.30443321 EMP-

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676713977627

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غزلیات

ستم یہ مجھ پہ زمانے نے بار بار کیا
اسی نے لوٹ لیا جس پہ اعتبار کیا

تمام عمر نبھانے کا توڑ کر پیماں
لباسِ ہستی مرا اس نے تار تار کیا

جو آنے والا نہ آیا تو یوں ہوا تائبؔ
تمام عمر اسی کا ہی انتظار کیا

اسلامی تصور ریاست اور غیر اسلامی نظریہ ریاست کا تقابلی جائزہ

In an Islamic state, the leader is obliged by the Quran to run the affairs of the people using ‘Shura’ (consultation). He is elected based upon confidence to lead, not on his policies, because he is obliged to derive laws based upon the Quran and Sunnah، and has no option to not implement the clear laws cont-ained therein, even if not convenient for gov, which provides full protections for people’s rights at all times. In a (Western) secular Democracy, the leaders are not obliged to consult the people in running the affairs (nor fulfil their promises). They derive laws from what is convenient, and may (and do) take away people’s rights using that justification. In Islam, the leader remains in power until he becomes unjust or incompetent. In a (Western) secular Democracy, the leader remains in power despite being unjust or incompetent, and may get elected again if he can lie to the people to persuade them he is the lesser of two evils. An Islamic State is based upon sovereignty to the Creator, who doesn’t change his mind, it not prone to prejudice, bigotry or ignorance. A (Western) secular Democracy is based upon sovereignty of the Individual, who does change their mind, is prone to prejudice, bigotry and ignorance. This article explains deeply about Comparison of Islamic concept of state and non Islamic Idea of State.

Dental Morphology and Haplotypic Diversity in the Major Ethnic Groups of Swat and Dir Districts Inamullah

The ethnic groups inhabiting Dir and Swat Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan are known to exhibit cultural and physical diversity. Genetic diversity however among the people of this region remains largely unknown. A research endeavor based on dental anthropology and molecular phylogenetic was conducted in for elaborating phenetic and molecular affinities among the major ethnic groups of the area. The morphological variants of permanent tooth crown were recorded for phenotypic analyses, whereas mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-Chromosoal STRs/SNPs were considered for maternal and paternal variation, respectively, among the individuals and in between Gujar, Kohistani, Tarklani, Utmankheil and Yousafzai tribes. Dental casts and oral swabs were collected from volunteers of all the tribes/ethnic groups. Morphological variants of the permanent tooth crown were scored from maxillary and mandibular dental castes in accordance with the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). Two mitochondrial DNA control segments viz Hypervariable segment I (HVSI), Hypervariable segment II (HVSII), 27 Y-STRs and 331 Y-SNPs were used to explore molecular phylogenetic relationships. Dental casts were obtained from 823 healthy unrelated individuals of the five ethnic groups of the two districts. The casts were analyzed for 14 tooth-trait combinations. The data was then compared with 27 samples encompassing 3,185 prehistoric and living individuals representing ethnic groups of the Hindu Kush-Karakoram highlands and Indus Valley of Pakistan, peninsular India, and Central Asia. Inter-sample affinities were computed with C.A.B. Smith’s pairwise Mean Measures of Divergence (MMD) statistic. Patterning of phenetic affinities were assessed with neighbor-joining cluster analysis (NJ), multidimensional scaling (MDS), and principal coordinate analysis (PCA). The results obtained vary with respect to data reduction technique. Neighbor-joining cluster analysis assort Gujars, Kohistanis and Utmankhels with possessing affinities to the ancient Harappans peop;e of the Indus Valley whereas Yousafzais assorted for having affinities with ethnic groups of the Hindu Kush-Karakoram highlands. The Tarklanis exhibit no close affinities to Gujars, Kohistanis, Utmankheils or Yousafzais. The results of mtDNA generated 126 haplotypes among which, 75 were unique and 51 were shared. The results further revealed that 45% of the individuals possess matrilineages of West Eurasian derivation, 36% of South Asian derivation, 6% of individuals possessed lineages of East Eurasian derivation, while frequencies of lineages of other derivations are of extremely low frequency. The West Eurasian haplogroup R was found 62% of individuals was the most frequent haplogroup, followed by South Asian haplogroup M (32%), East Eurasian haplogroup N (5%), while one individual was found to possess the African haplogroup L. The results of Y-STRs analysis revealed 82 haplotypes in which 75% were unique and 25% were shared, yielding a haplotypic diversity of 0.99. High and statistically significant levels of genetic differentiation were obtained in nine of the 10 pairwise comparisons (FST= 0.148-0.596), the exception being the contrast between Tarklanis and Yousafzais (FST = 0.008). Members of the Utmankheil, also considered Pashtuns tribe, were found to be not closely related to any of the other population samples (FST= 0.445-0.596). The high genetic differentiation was also visible in Y-chromosomal SNPs, showing very little overlap between the five population samples, except for Tarklanis and Yousafzais. When analyzed in a larger continental-scale, it is clear that the paternal lineages of these five ethnic groups fall mostly outside the previously characterized Y-chromosomal gene pools of Indo-Pakistani sub-continent. Our findings presented here contribute towards the understanding of the genetic complexity exhibited by the apparently related ethnic groups residing in the northern parts of Pakistan. It provides a sound baseline for elaborating the historical profile and anthropological standings of Pakistani people for the fastly approaching era of personal genomics and personalized medicine.