MEASURE THE LEVEL OF SENSORY PROCESSING PROBLEM IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITH OUT AUTISM IN CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT

Background of the Study: Sensory processing is the process in which all sensory stimuli integrate and enable person to respond according to the situation. There are number of sensory issues that either parents or teacher do not identify on early stages and various times it also cause behavioral issues or academic issues with in typical children too. The study aims to assess the sensory vulnerability of children with and without autism in the school environment and to identify the sensory issues. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Total 86 children recruited and divided into two groups included typical and atypical children. Using a standardized questionnaire-SPM (sensory processing measure) distributed in schools and completed by teachers. Result: Autism affects both mainstream children and children with autism, with sensory process subscales showing significant differences p value (< .005) for t- test.  Autism children have higher sensory process vulnerability, particularly in social participation and praxis variables, compared to mainstream children’s. Conclusion: The study reveals that school initiates sensory stimuli, affecting children's vulnerability, even in special schools, despite providing structured environments for atypical children.

Genetic Study of Exon 3 and 4 of Insulin Like Growth Factor-2 Gene Igf2 and its Effect on Growth Traits in Japanese Quail

Insulin-like growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to increase the growth of skeletal muscles by stimulating myoblast proliferation of an individual by promoting cell division. There are two genes which are playing an important effect over the growth known as IGF1 and IGF2. The growth of the organism increases as the activity of IGFs increase. The mechanism is complex as IGF1 and IGF2 interacts with different receptors as Insulin-like factor 2 Receptor (IGF2R) and binding proteins to perform its function orderly. To study the effect of IGF2 gene Japanese quail bird (Coturnix japonica) was selected. The length, width, weight, expanded wings length, drum stick length and circumference, shank length and diameter will be calculated from the 50 quail birds. 1ml blood from each sample was collected and refrigerated. The 200?l blood from the 50 samples was used for the DNA extraction using the standard organic method with some modification. There were four transition variations at nucleotide 12,998 G>A, 13,009 T>C, 13,023 C>T and 13,072 C>G were found in the CD3 region of IGF2 gene while ten transition at nucleotide 13,855 C>T, 13894 T>C, 13,933 C>T, 13,939 C>T, 13,957 A>G, 14,020 C>T, 14,032 G>A, 14,034 T>C, 14,040 A>G, 14,056 A>G and two transverse variations at nucleotide 13,897 T>G and 13,921 T>A were identified at CD4 region of IGF2. All these variations are synonymous. The present work will be helpful to find the role of IGF2 gene in Japanese quail.