مولوی محمد الحسنی
جون کا معارف طباعت کے آخری مرحلہ میں تھا کہ اچانک اطلاع ملی کہ ندوۃ العلماء کے نقیب رسالہ البعث الاسلامی کے مدیر مولوی محمد الحسنی کا انتقال ہوگیا، یہ خبر اتنی خلاف توقع تھی کہ بڑی دیر تک یقین نہیں آیا، ان کی عمر زیادہ نہیں تھی، چالیس سے تین ہی چارسال آگے بڑھے ہوں گے، صحت بھی اچھی تھی، کبھی کسی طویل یا شدید بیماری میں مبتلا نہیں ہوئے تھے، جب ملاقات ہوتی، ہشاش بشاش نظر آئے۔
یہ سچ ہے کہ جو آیا ہے، اسے ایک دن جانا ضرور ہے، کل نفس ذائقتہ الموت[ العنکبوت:۵۷] لیکن کسے معلوم تھا کہ ان کا وقت موعود اتنا قریب ہے، ہم لوگوں کے سامنے تو بچے تھے، ان کی پیدائش کل کی بات معلوم ہوتی ہے، ہم کس طرح خیال کرتے تھے کہ وہ ہم سے پہلے رخصت سفر باندھ لیں گے۔ لیکن ان کے دوستوں اور ہم سنوں کو بھی اس تیزروی کا گمان نہیں تھا، ان کی جسمانی ساخت اور صحت کی رفتار دیکھ کر سبھی عمر طویل کی پیشنگوئی کرتے تھے، لیکن ظاہر بینوں کے یہ سارے اندازے غلط ثابت ہوئے اور اﷲ کی مشیت پوری ہو کر رہی، تقدیر کے سامنے تدبیر نے سپر ڈال دی، اور انسان کی مجبوری دبے بسی ہی نہیں خام خیالی اور غلط اندیشی بھی نمایاں ہوگئی۔
مصلحت ایزدی تھی کہ وہ چھوٹی عمر ہی میں اس دنیا سے کوچ کر جائیں تقدیر الٰہی کے رازہائے سربستہ کی نقاب کشائی انسان کے بس میں نہیں ہے، اس کا علم ناقص اس کی نظر کوتاہ اور اس کا علم محدود ہے، ان حالات میں وہ حکمت الٰہی کا احاطہ کس طرح کرسکتا ہے، عالم غیب ہماری نگاہوں سے اوجھل ہے، ہم ظاہربیں باطن کے حقائق سے ناواقف ہیں، البتہ اﷲ کی مصلحت پر ہمارا ایمان ہے، اور...
This study combines three orientations, namely existential thought about the meaning of ‘being’ and ‘existence, ’ phenomenological insights into ‘lived experience, ’ and anthropological endeavor at what it means to be human. It attempts to focus on the human conditions by directly engaging with human beings. Specifically guiding itself with the questions such as how young people engage in the meaning-making of their lived experiences in their life course’s ever-changing process. Taking its theoretical insights and inspiration from existential and phenomenological anthropology, by zooming in on lived experiences, the research was conducted using life story interviews to collect the narratives to gain understandings into the life-worlds as it is lived and made sense of by young people of Tando Ghulam Ali, a rural town of District Badin, Sindh. Based on the ethnographic data and observations, it is argued that the meaning-making of lived experiences was different among research participants with a strong presence of selfhood and self-consciousness temporally and affectively; the difference in orientation towards life is entangled with personal history as well. This research went beyond the horizons of culture and society to put existence, life, and being, which are silhouetted at meta-level, at the heart of anthropological focus. This research is an experimental research project in anthropology, which has attempted to step its foot into the human condition's terra incognita, which calls for anthropologists’ further exploration.
Nano-antibiotics: Nano Encapsulation of Natural and Synthetic Antimicrobials to Combat Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens Increasing rates of bacterial resistance has invalidated the utility of even the most potent antibiotics, resulting in mortality due to failure in infection control and high health care costs. Therefore, design, discovery, and delivery of antimicrobial drugs with improved efficacy and avoidance of resistance are highly demanded. Use of nanotechnology in design and delivery of antimicrobial drugs, particularly in overcoming antibioticsresistant pathogens, is considered to be the most promising alternative for this purpose. The present study was designed with the aims to fabricate diverse bio-based nanoparticles (NP), which are non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. Bio-based nanoparticles fabricated from soya lecithin (liposomes), chitosan and hybrid nanoparticles (a mixture of chitosan and β cyclodextrin) were developed and characterized. Natural antimicrobial agents (bacteriocin and essential oils) and synthetic antibiotics were encapsulated in these bio based nano-carrier systems. These nano-delivery systems were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Zeta sizer. It was observed that chitosan nano-particles and liposomes were in the size of less than 100 nm whereas the hybrid nano-particles were more than 300 nm in size. The stability of nanoparticles were measured from zeta potential it was concluded that chitosan nano-particles were bearing almost +50 mV zeta potential so were very stable whereas the stability of hybrid nano-particles and liposomes were considered to be compromised. In the first phase of experimentation cefazolin was encapsulated in above mentioned nano-systems and all these nano-systems were tested against multi drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial studies confirmed that chitosan and hybrid nano-particles were effectively killing both MDR pathogens. Whereas, liposomes were not effective in killing them. xii However, chitosan was finally selected for further encapsulation of essential oils, nisin and other antibiotics. In the next phase, cefotaxime was encapsulated in chitosan to explore the antibacterial potential in depth by assessing colony forming unit (CFU) and anti-biofilm assay as well. It was determined that the bare chitosan nano-particles could control the growth of pathogens to maximum 48 hours and after that there was a sharp rise in optical density. Anti-biofilm activity confirmed that bare chitosan nano-particles inhibited the bacterial growth by forming agglomerates but they were not effectively combatting biofilm formation and that is the reason bacteria regrow after wards. However, in the case of drug encapsulated chitosan nano-particles the biofilm is totally eradicated. In the third phase, natural anti-microbial agents like essential oils and nisin were also encapsulated in chitosan and they were also found to be effective in killing the MDR pathogens. It is expected that the nano-encapsulation of antimicrobial agents will aid in control of resistance phenomenon in pathogenic microbes.