تعلیم المدنیت (شہریت کی تعلیم) اسلامی تناظر میں

E come across unpleasant news regarding people from different walks of lives. Teachers Judges, Doctors, Police Officers and so on are allegedly reported for committing malpractices and corruption. This is not the problem in our country. It is a worldwide problem. It is evident that the education which is given is not upto the mark. Though Civic education or value education is being given  across the country but it has not been proven that  much effective which can make character and personality of an individual strong engouh to  stops a person from committing the mentioned wrongs. On the other hand Islamic perspective of Civic education is more comprehensive and covers different angles and aspects of human personality and life. Islam aims to make an individual internally disciplined in the manner where he/ she does not do right things and acts just because he/she is under the eye of Camera but he/she does the right act because he/ she is supposed to do so.

A Retrospective Study of Poultry Diseases Diagnosed in District Chakwal, Pakistan

Out of total 658 broiler and 184 layer farms with capacity of 4221800 and 1324700 birds, a total of 70 broiler and 30 layer farms with capacity of 44800 and 215983 birds were randomly selected for present study. New Castle Disease, appeared as most prevalent disease with five years mean/average prevalence of 14.90% followed by IBD (11.79%), pullorum disease (11.17%), colibacillosis (8.71%), IB (7.87%), inclusion body hepatitis (7.79%), CRD (7.67%), necrotic enteritis (6.48%), coccidiosis (6.09%), mycotoxicosis 5.43%), fowl cholera (4.74%), infectious coryza (4.41%), fowl typhoid (4.22%), omphalitis (3.71%) and Hydropericardium syndrome (0.05%). New Castle Disease, also appeared as most prevalent disease of layer population with five years mean/average prevalence of 13.91% followed by pullorum disease (8.68%), colibacillosis (8.59%), necrotic enteritis (7.08%), mycotoxicosis (6.81%), fowl cholera (6.39%), IB (6.13%), coccidiosis (6.05%), fowl typhoid (5.06%), inclusion body hepatitis (5%), infectious coryza (4.83%), omphalitis 2.78%, CRD (9.83%) and IBD (5.39%). Seasonal disease distribution pattern of broiler population exhibited highest overall morbidity of 33.54% for monsoon season followed by winter, spring and post-monsoon seasons with overall morbidity of 23.93, 22.12 and 19.73% respectively. Similarly for layer population, highest overall morbidity (27.17%) was recorded during spring season followed by monsoon season (26.29%, post-monsoon season (23.72%) and winter season (22.82%) respectively. In breed wise disease distribution pattern, proportional morbidity for viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases, with respect to overall disease cases/ overall morbidity was determined separately for broiler and layer breeds. For broilers, highest proportional morbidity (48.68%) was recorded for bacterial diseases followed by viral diseases (40.32%), parasitic diseases (5.80%) and fungal diseases (5.20%). For layers highest proportional morbidity of 52.56% was recorded for bacterial diseases followed by viral diseases (32.93%), fungal diseases (7.39%) and parasitic diseases (7.12%).