الفت ہے اُس کو مجھ سے بھی پر مسئلہ یہ ہے
پڑتی ہے اپنی راہ میں دیوار ذات کی
Both Zainuddin Ibn Nujaim (d. 970HJ) and Herbert Broom (d. 1882CE) are famous for the arrangement, interpretations and for sound applications of juristico-legal maxims and rules respectively in Muslim and western world of law and jurisprudence. The al-Ashbah wa-Al-Nazair of Ibn Nujaim and Broom’s Legal Maxims of Herbert Broom speak of their deep approach to the concerned discipline. This article provides a general analysis of the juristico-legal interpretations regarding the elementary maxim of hardship and injuria remedium (hardship and harm remission) as made by Ibn Nujaim (d.970HJ) and Herbert Broom(d.1882CE) in their aforesaid books.
Out of total 658 broiler and 184 layer farms with capacity of 4221800 and 1324700 birds, a total of 70 broiler and 30 layer farms with capacity of 44800 and 215983 birds were randomly selected for present study. New Castle Disease, appeared as most prevalent disease with five years mean/average prevalence of 14.90% followed by IBD (11.79%), pullorum disease (11.17%), colibacillosis (8.71%), IB (7.87%), inclusion body hepatitis (7.79%), CRD (7.67%), necrotic enteritis (6.48%), coccidiosis (6.09%), mycotoxicosis 5.43%), fowl cholera (4.74%), infectious coryza (4.41%), fowl typhoid (4.22%), omphalitis (3.71%) and Hydropericardium syndrome (0.05%). New Castle Disease, also appeared as most prevalent disease of layer population with five years mean/average prevalence of 13.91% followed by pullorum disease (8.68%), colibacillosis (8.59%), necrotic enteritis (7.08%), mycotoxicosis (6.81%), fowl cholera (6.39%), IB (6.13%), coccidiosis (6.05%), fowl typhoid (5.06%), inclusion body hepatitis (5%), infectious coryza (4.83%), omphalitis 2.78%, CRD (9.83%) and IBD (5.39%). Seasonal disease distribution pattern of broiler population exhibited highest overall morbidity of 33.54% for monsoon season followed by winter, spring and post-monsoon seasons with overall morbidity of 23.93, 22.12 and 19.73% respectively. Similarly for layer population, highest overall morbidity (27.17%) was recorded during spring season followed by monsoon season (26.29%, post-monsoon season (23.72%) and winter season (22.82%) respectively.
In breed wise disease distribution pattern, proportional morbidity for viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases, with respect to overall disease cases/ overall morbidity was determined separately for broiler and layer breeds. For broilers, highest proportional morbidity (48.68%) was recorded for bacterial diseases followed by viral diseases (40.32%), parasitic diseases (5.80%) and fungal diseases (5.20%). For layers highest proportional morbidity of 52.56% was recorded for bacterial diseases followed by viral diseases (32.93%), fungal diseases (7.39%) and parasitic diseases (7.12%).