رام بابو سکسینہ
افسوس ہے دسمبر کے آخری ہفتہ میں جناب رام بابو سکسینہ کاحرکت قلب بند ہوجانے سے بحالت سفر اچانک انتقال ہوگیا۔ موصوف کو اردو زبان وادب کے ساتھ عشق تھااوروہ اس کا بڑا وسیع اورگہرا مطالعہ رکھتے تھے۔یہی وجہ ہے کہ ایک ذمہ دار سرکاری عہدہ کی چند درچند مصروفیتوں کے باوجود انھوں نے ادبِ اردو پرمتعدد ضخیم کتابیں اپنی یادگار چھوڑی ہیں۔ ان کی کتاب ’تاریخ ادبِ اردو‘ کو بڑی مقبولیت حاصل ہوئی، اس موضوع پر یہ کتاب اس پایہ کی ہے کہ ادبِ اردو کاکوئی طالب علم اس سے بے نیاز نہیں ہوسکتا۔اس کے علاوہ’’اردو کے انگریز شعرا‘‘ نامی کتاب انھوں نے بڑی تلاش وجستجواورمحنت سے مرتب کی تھی۔ایک کتاب حال میں ہی’’مرقع شعراء‘‘کے نام سے شائع ہوئی ہے۔سنا ہے کہ دو کتابوں کے مسودے ابھی اورباقی ہیں جو غیر مطبوعہ ہیں،موصوف اب دنیا میں نہیں لیکن اُن کے یہ شاندار ادبی کارنامے اُن کانام زندہ رکھیں گے۔
[جنوری۱۹۵۸ء]
Reformation of Moral Philosophy and its Foundation in Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) Though, the twenty first century is passing through a great development in the field of science, intellect, education and technology, human beings seem spiritually and ethically in a more miserable condition day by day. We observe inflation in the problems and complications regarding their solutions in human societies with every passing day. Today’s man is highly engaged in universe and its enquiry, we are developing knowledge and physical efforts for taking control over all phenomena of universe, but in this effort, we lost our capability of good values and ethics mostly. In such conditions, the one and only personality, the Ambassador of peace, beloved Muhammad ﷺ is the source of guidance, by whom the spirit of a man could meet with peace and stability. But the solution of this major problem never can be just adopting his ethical teachings and the rejection of bad actions. If so, then the thousands of past writings about the issue have brought the revolution already on the face of the earth. Modern philosophy of ethics and Morality is based upon the concept of relativity as “Good” or “bad” is not universal truth at all. For this reason, it is less effective in terms of practicality. The roots of philosophical concepts we find in the teachings of Prophet’s Muhammad (ﷺ). Have no enigmas and ambiguity Morality. Promoting the prophetic philosophy of Ethics and Morality can change the behavior of man automatically rather than forcefully. In this article, effort has been made to critically analyze the modern Moral philosophy in the light of Sῑrah of the Holy Prophetﷺ. Analytical and critical research methodology is adopted in this study.
According to terminology of the Quranic studies, Tarjīh (plural: Tarjīhāt) means preference of a later exegete to one of the many exegetical opinions about a particular verse or set of verses expressed by the previous generations of exegetes.Such preferences of the exegetical opinions give important clues to methodology and the intellectual outlook of a given commentary on the Holy Quran. This research aims at collection and evaluation of the exegetical preferences of Shaykh Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān in his commentary on the Holy Quran titled Fath al-Bayān Fī Maqāsid al-Qur''ān. His exegetical preferences encompass both Tafsīr bi al-Ma’athūr and Tafsīr bi al-Ra’iy and deal with juridical, linguistic, grammatical, theological, and doctrinal issues. He compares different exegetical opinions and expounds their strength and weaknesses in the light of relevant methodological principles and gives his own judgment at the end. In the present study, such methods and principles would be examined and discussed. It would be investigated what are the bases of his exegetical preferences and to what extent these preferences are plausible according to the methods and principles established in the science of Tafsīr. Thus, the study is envisaged to elaborate characteristics and significance of the selected commentary on the Holy Quran.It may be noted that Fath al-Bayān Fī Maqāsid al-Qur''ān is a well-known commentary on the Quran across the Muslim world. Numerous studies have been carried out on Shaykh Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān’s commentary on the Holy Quran titled Fath al-Bayān Fī Maqāsid al-Qur''ān. However, hardly any study focuses on his exegetical preferences which the present study is particularly focusing on. Some of the specific questions that this study seeks to answer are as follows: 1. What are the methodological foundations of the exegetical preferences of Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān in his commentary on the Holy Quran there are preferences in the rulings of S? 2. heikh Al Qannoji? And on what basis he preferred the opinions? And what terminology has been used when giving his favored opinion? And what is the impact of it in general?3. Whether Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān comes up with some novel interpretations o in his commentary on the Quran and simply confines himself to preference ofone or the other previously stated opinions? The research methodology will include collection, study, and assessment of the exegetical preferences given in Fath al-Bayān Fī Maqāsid al-Qur''ān. These preferences would be compared with the opinions on the same verses or issues expressed by other famous scholars of the field like al-Tabarī, al-Rāzī, Ibn al-Arabī, al-Qurtubī, Ibn ‘Atiyyah, al-Zamkhsharī, al-Baydāwī, Abī Hayyān, Ibn Kathīr, alSayūtī, Abū Sa‘ūd, al-Shawqānī, al-Alūsī, al-Qāsimī, Ibn ‘Ashūr, and so on. Then, these opinions would be analyzed and evaluated in the light of established principles of Tafsīr. At the end, either preferences of Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān will be endorsed or their weakness would be pointed out. In short, this research would be inductive, comparative, and analytical in nature.