Association of consanguineous marriages with congenital anomalies Cousin marriages and birth defects

Congenital anomalies are a major health problem all over the world; especially it is important cause of deaths and birth defects, chronic illness and disability in infants. The major cause of this is consanguineous marriages. Generation of cousin marriages have significant association with congenital anomalies Objective: To find out the association of consanguineous marriages with congenital anomaliespresent at the time of birthMethods: A cross sectional study was conducted at District Head Quarter Hospital, Okarafrom May to August, 2018. 100 adult individuals aged between 19 to 55 years, with and without cousin marriage of both genders were consecutively enrolled. Participants were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire, with prior written informed consent. Unwilling married individuals and individuals from other hospitals were not selected Results: According to resultsthere was a significant association between generation of cousin marriages with congenital anomalies present at the time of birth, as p value was 0.002Conclusions: Study concluded that the generation of cousin marriages has significant association with congenital anomalies present at the time of birth and due to cousin marriage 59% of the couples had congenital abnormalities in their children and 85% had genetic disorders.

Boundary Layer Flows and Heat Transfer of Cross Fluid

The study of generalized Newtonian fluid (GNF) is a topic of practical interest in fluid mechanics. The GNF is non-Newtonian in nature, although its constitutive equation is generalized form of Newtonian fluid. Researchers are devoting their studies to explore different subclasses of GNF. Despite of the abundant research work in this field, an important subclass of GNF namely the Cross fluid has not been given due attention. The objective of this research work is to concentrate on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of Cross fluid. The inaugural work has been presented in this thesis by bestowing the boundary layer equations of Cross fluid in different coordinate systems. This has opened new doors for researchers to carry out further research in this direction. In this thesis, a theoretical study is done to explore the flow and heat transfer characteristics of Cross fluid. The reported work presents the modelling of the boundary layer equations of GNF using the Cross viscosity model and further bestows the numerical solution regarding these equations. The current research work covers the flow of Cross fluid past a planer as well as radially stretching sheet and stretching cylinder. Moreover, investigations are done on the mixed convection flow, Falkner-skan flow, nano boundary layer flow and stagnation point flow of Cross fluid. Several effects are taken into consideration including the impact of activation energy, melting phenomenon, linear and non-linear radiation, heat generation/absorption, multiple slip effects, variable thermal conductivity, Newtonian heat and mass conditions. The modelled problems are numerically handled by two numerical techniques namely the shooting method and bvp4c in MATLAB. The results presented in this thesis are verified by making comparison with already available results in literature for reduced cases and excellent compatibility is achieved. From the obtained results, it is observed from that the progressive value of the local Weissenberg number reduces the velocity distribution while the temperature of the fluid rises. However, quite an opposite trend is exhibited by velocity and temperature profiles for growing values of the power-law index.