میں جو سوئے عیش رواں ہوا، یہ زیاں ہوا
مجھے کیوں نہ اس کا گماں ہوا، یہ زیاں ہوا
میرے دل میں کوئی مقیم تھا یہی سود تھا
یہ جو خالی دل کا مکاں ہوا، یہ زیاں ہوا
تری بے رُخی کا جو بار تھا کوئی کم نہ تھا
یہی بار بارِ گراں ہوا، یہ زیاں ہوا
مجھے شوقِ دیدِ حرم نہیں یہ ستم نہیں؟
مجھے شوقِ کوئے بتاں ہوا، یہ زیاں ہوا
میری کلفتیں جو نہاں رہیں یہ تو ٹھیک تھا
مرا درد ہے جو عیاں ہوا، یہ زیاں ہوا
وہ تو مہربانی سے کہہ رہے تھے بیاں کرو
جو نہ حال مجھ سے بیاں ہوا، یہ زیاں ہوا
Syncretic and shared religious spaces have long been perceived as reflections of tolerance. This does not imply that tolerance is completely liberated from multiple clashing components and the coexistence of interfaith practices do not suggest that hostility is entirely missing. In recent times, a transformation is taking place at the shared space of the Jhule Lal by the dominant religious group. However, there remains an appearance of tolerance at the shared space of the Jhule Lal among believers of both Islam and Hinduism, which blinds the observer of the deep internal contestation and process of transformation between both Sindhi Hindus and Sindhi Muslims who revere the same saint of the Jhule Lal. A syncretic space does not simply absorb different religious groups, and by studying the practices, rituals and interactions of the custodians, visitors and devotees at the shrine, this paper aims to unearth the processes through which shrine is contested in multiple identities, discourse (written, textual, verbal) authority, and belief systems.
The history of natural products is as ancient as human being and these are used to cure man since life started. Drugs either isolated or derivative of natural products has played a great role in pharmaceutical industries and specially obtained from plants. Plants have provided us some of the very important life saving drugs used in the armamentarium of modern medicine. The exploration of the chemical constituent of the plants and pharmaceutical screening may provide us the basis for developing the lead for development of novel agents. Among the estimated 400,000 plant species, only 6% have been studied for biological activity and about 15% have been investigated phytochemically. This inadvertently shows a need for the in-depth dissertation of various chemical constituents, medicinal viability, biological and pharmacological evaluation of plants. The Part A of the present Ph. D thesis deals with isolation of bioactive constituents from a medicinally important plant of Pakistan namely Fraxinus xanthoxyloides. The search for the new chemical agents is one of the most challenging tasks for the medicinal chemist. Similarly, the synthesis of high nitrogen containing heterocyclic systems has been attracting and increasing interest among the scientists over the past decade because of their utility in daily life. In recent years, the chemistry of triazoles and their fused heterocyclic derivatives has received considerable attention owing to their synthetic and effective biological importance. The presence of three nitrogen hetero-atoms in five membered ring systems defines an interesting class of compounds, the triazole. Therefore, the present thesis is presented in the following two parts. Part A Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Part B Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Triazoles