اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں مروجہ پاکستانی ٹریفک قوانین کی پاسداری کی اہمیت

Islam is a comprehensive code of conduct which encompasses to each sphere of human life. This also owns and endorses those manmade rules which serve the cause of humanity and not entering to its fundamentals. Adherence to Pakistani Traffic rules also falls under the preview of the same doctrine. It is very pertinent to note here, that the same traffic rules such as fastening of seat built, proper use of indicators, speed control etc. Have been devised to ensure the safety which starts from a pedestrian and ends up to a rider of any vehicle class. Any violation of traffic rules is an indirect breech of divine discipline imposed by Allah the Almighty. If the violation costs any damage, injury or fatal accident, this will directly be dealt under the principles set by Islam. This study aims at highlighting the significance of adherence to traffic rules which is directly linked to the ground safety. This ultimately serves the main purpose of saving any precious human life. If the same is ensured, no doubt the purpose of the holy verse would be fulfilled

Consumer Ethical Decision Making in Pakistan

In a typical retail setting, consumers face numerous situations that involve ethical decision making. The situations may range from choice between pirated and patent registered products to use of others’ membership card to order a product. The literature on consumer ethics is growing in size and popularity since 1990’s however the consumer ethics literature and ethical decision making is an under research area in developing countries like Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to examine the ethical decision making process using general theory of marketing ethics and linking it with theories of moral intensity, moral philosophy, neutralization techniques and self-conscious emotions. The study is positivist in nature that involves data collection on a scenario based questionnaire, from 726 retail consumers in Pakistan through online and field survey. The study uses descriptive statistics, correlation, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to analyze the data. The results confirm that consumers in Pakistan have a positive influence of moral intensity on their self-conscious emotions. Social anxiety is found to play a positive role in both samples whereas private self-conscious emotions are found to be effective in only online survey. It is found that consumers’ self-conscious emotions may or may not lead to the development of neutralization techniques by them. However, the use of neutralization techniques is found to be positively associated with ethical judgement regardless of its harmful and harmless ethical dimensions. The consumers scoring high on moral intensity, moral philosophy and self-conscious emotions are found to be more considerate in their ethical judgement that in turn positively influences their behavioural intentions. The study is first of its kinds that has linked rational and non-rational aspects and contributes towards the literature on consumer ethical decision making by incorporating moral, emotional and neutralization dimensions at large and in the context of developing countries specifically Pakistan. The study recommends the launch of educational programs and awareness campaigns highlighting importance of ethical conduct plus rules and regulations to safe guard businesses from delinquent behaviour of retail consumers