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گوشِ عالم میں پڑی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
ہر زمانے نے سنی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
گلشنِ جاں میں رچی ہے ’’لَکَ ذِکرَک‘‘ کی مہک
دل کی دھڑکن میں بسی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
مالکِ خیر نے کی خیر کی کثرت اُنؐ پر
اہلِ شر سے نہ دبی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
عقل والوں نے جسے ذکرِ خدا سمجھا ہے
عشق والوں میں وہی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
مدحتِ شاہِ اُممؐ زینتِ قرطاس و قلم
صوت کا حسن بنی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
سننے والوں نے سنی آیۂ نَشرَح لیکن
لبِ قاری پہ سجی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
اس پہ قرآن کی آیات ہیں شاہد عرفاںؔ
ربِّ کونین نے دی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
ABSTRACT According to Islamic jurisprudence, power of attorney is a lawful provision. It is very much apparent in matters like marriage, divorce, sale and purchase transactions, trade partnerships, and criminal cases. In these situations, someone else other than the person concerned may be appointed as a representative or agent to act on behalf of the original person. There are some controversies among Muslim jurists surrounding the issue of the power of attorney or of representation. This article is devoted to discussing the various stands of the jurists and their arguments concerning the scope of attorney and agent in the above-mentioned legal areas
Extra-role behavior also called organizational citizenship behavior is critical for organizational effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to develop and test an integrated model of organizational citizenship behavior based on the framework of organizational effectiveness suggested by Katz (1964) in the specific context of university teachers. The study is specifically aimed at finding the individual and joint direct and indirect effect of human resource management practices (HRP) and transformational leadership style (TSF) on affective organizational commitment (AC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of university teachers in Pakistan (developing country) and England (developed country). No other study has modeled these variables together. Data was collected through mailed and self-administered questionnaires consisting of standardized scales. Two samples of university teachers, one from Pakistan (n=402) and other from England (n=188), based on complex probability sampling were used in the study. One-way ANOVA was used to find the association of demographic factors (public and private nature of university, designation, qualification, tenure, gender, marital status and age) with affective commitment and citizenship behavior of university teachers. It was found that most of demographic characteristics caused significant variation in both affective commitment and citizenship behavior of teachers in both Pakistan and England. Correlation analysis showed significant positive associations among all four study variables. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to find direct effect of predictors (HRP and TSF) on mediating (AC) and dependent (OCB) variables and indirect effect of predictors on dependent variable with mediation of affective commitment both jointly and individually. It was found that HRP and TSF have significant direct effects on both AC and OCB in Pakistan and England individually as well as jointly. AC is also significantly related to OCB in both Pakistan and England but variation explained by AC in OCB in England is substantially higher than in Pakistan. AC is also found perfectly mediating the relationship between both predictors and OCB in all three cases (1. HRP-AC-OCB, 2. TSF-AC-OCB, 3. HRP,TSF-AC-OCB) in England while in Pakistan mediation of AC is just partial in all of these cases. Results have been discussed in the light of past studies and implications for managers and researchers have also been suggested.