عارفؔ عباسی
عارف عباسی بھی اﷲ کو پیارے ہوگئے، وہ اس دور کے ممتاز غزل گو اور جگر کے طرز کے کامیاب مقلد تھے، انہوں نے اپنی ظاہری وضع و قطع بھی انہی کی جیسی بنالی تھی، ان کا مکان اعظم گڑھ سے متصل ضلع ملبا میں تھا اس لئے اعظم گڑھ میں اُن کے پرانے تعلقات تھے اور یہاں برابر اُن کی آمدورفت رہتی تھی پہلے جب اعظم گڑھ آنا ہوتا تھا تو دارالمصنفین ضرور آتے تھے، اور اپنے تازہ کلام سے محظوظ کرتے تھے، مگر ادھر کچھ دنوں سے اس وضعداری میں فرق آگیا تھا، عرصہ تک اُن کی غزلیں معارف میں چھپتی رہیں، اُن کے تعزل میں بڑی لطافت و پاکیزگی تھی ابتدا میں راجہ صاحب نانپارہ کے لڑکوں کے اتالیق رہے تھے، اس لئے درباری آداب اور علم مجلس کے بڑے ماہر تھے، اُن کی عمر ساٹھ باسٹھ سال کی رہی ہوگی، ادھر کچھ دنوں سے کچھ قلبی شکایت ہوگئی تھی، اسی نے مرض الموت کی شکل اختیار کرلی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی،نومبر ۱۹۷۱ء)
The early Sufis believed that there were two dimensions to the revelations received by the Prophet, words of the Qur’an in their appearance, and the divine inspiration in his heart. This divinely inspired knowledge in the heart, Sufis claim, was gifted to only a chosen few, who contemplated and longedfor nearness with the creator. The early Sufis also laid emphasis on one of the basic tenets of Islam i. e. ihsan. Ihsan is that level of devotion where the devotee is completely absorbed in the worship of God. The ultimate aim of the Sufis is to raise the level of ihsan to experience the presence ofGod. Since the Last Prophet (s. a. w.) was paragon of virtues including ihsan, it was assumed that Sufism or Tasawwuf originatedfrom the Prophet himself. This paper aims to focus on the point of origin of tasawwuf, on the one hand and the need for its revival, on the other.
Leadership has an influence over the development and implementation of an innovation in a department. In a bid to integrate ICT, teachers have been developed and facilities have been provided. In contrast, the prevalent status is use of ICT as an addition in projects and delegation of the integration to the ‘ICT specialists' by the Science Subject Leaders (SSL). Through exploring the SSL, leadership will identify the practices that can enhance ICT integration and thus improve student's learning experiences. Therefore, the questions: “How does a SSL perceive and enact her roles to enhance ICT integration in PBL; What are the factors influencing SSL in the integration of ICT in PBL was the focus of the study, which contributes to the current body of knowledge in leadership. The study was conducted through the qualitative case study approach which was explorative and interpretive in nature within a grounded approach. Data from field notes, interviews, and document and artifact analysis were used to explore the SSL leadership. Since leadership is fluid and not identified within an individual but in a responsibility; hence, the SSL was the focus and the team she interacted with in the projects also participated. The study observed a ten lesson (six weeks) project cycle in a private middle school in Pakistan undertaking the IGCSE curriculum. Three aspects emerged to inform the leadership of the SSL in integrating ICT, these were: leading manifested in leadership styles and technophile, technologic that is possession of skill and knowledge, utility level and training others, administration in shared planning, monitoring, mentoring and reviewing. I argue that the personality and technologic influenced the teachers to enhance integration. The study revealed that the empowerment of a SSL builds up the leadership capacity. Thus, SSL knowledge perceptions and roles must be attended to and not taken for granted. The implications of the study include a) develop knowledge and skill of SSL (b) empowering the SSL (c) allowing interdepartmental collaborated activities (d) provision of resources. Nevertheless, training and equipment require SSL leadership for integration to be enhanced. The study was limited within one project cycle due to time factor; however, many cycles may have identified on the basis of a variety of characterizing influences.