بولدے درخت
کسے پنڈ وچ اک بہت ای سمجھ دار خاندان رہندا سی۔ اوس خاندان دے وڈے تاں اک پاسے بچے وی بہت سمجھ داری دیاں گلاں کردے سن، اوس خاندان دا اک بچہ جس دا ناں ’’ننھا‘‘ سی، ہر کسے نال بہت عقل مندی نال گل کروا تے لوک اوس دیاں گلاں سن کے حیران رہ جاندے تے اوس نال پیار کردے۔
اک دن اوہ پنڈ دے نیڑے جنگل وچ گیا۔ اوہنوں جنگل دی حالت ویکھ کے بہت دکھ ہویا کہ جنگل دے سارے رستیاں اتے گھاہ اُگیا ہویا اے۔ کئی درخت سک کے ڈگ پے نیں تے کئی سک دے جا رہے نیں۔ اوس نے تہیہ کیتا کہ اوہ جنگل دی صفائی ستھرائی ضرور کرے گا تے ایس لئی اوہ بادشاہ تک جاون لئی تیار ہو گیا۔
اک سویر اوہ بادشاہ دے دربار اندر پہنچ جاندا اے تے سب توں پہلاں اپنے پنڈ دا تعارف کروا ندا اے۔ اوس دسیا کہ میرا پنڈ بہت سوہنا اے تے پنڈ دے نال لگدا جنگل اوہناں ای گندا اے۔ مینوں ایہہ دسو تہاڈے دل وچ جنگل دی صفائی دا کدے خیال نئیں آیا۔ ایہہ گل سن کے بادشاہ سوچیں پے گیا تے سپاہیاں نوں بہت غصہ آیا۔ اوہناں ننھے نوں دربار وچوں کڈھن لئی پھڑیا۔ بادشاہ نے ایہہ ویکھ کے سپاہیاں نوں روکیا تے آکھیا بچے نوں بولن دیو۔ بادشاہ نے اوس کولوں اوہدا ناں پچھیا۔ اوس دسیا کہ میرا ناں ننھا ایں۔ میرا گھر ایسے پنڈ وچ اے تے میرے والد فوج وچ نوکری کر دے نیں۔ بادشاہ نے پچھیا توں کیہ چاہنا ایں؟ اوس جواب دتا کہ میری خواہش اے کہ میں جنگل دی صفائی کراں۔ تسی مینوں ایس کم دی اجازت دیو۔ کیوں جے ایہہ کم میں اکلا نئیں کر سکدا ایس لئی کجھ سپاہیاں نوں...
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful All the praises and thanks be to Allah Almighty, the Giver of bountiful blessings and gifts. Prayers and peace of Allah be upon the noble Prophet and upon his family and companions, the honorable followers. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī by Imām Abu Abdullah Muḥammad al-Bukhārī got great attention by Muslim scholars of the past and present time. Many scholars elaborated this book by adopting different methods. “Al-Kawākib Al-Darārī” by Imam Al-kirmānī is an old explanation of Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhārī. During studying “Fatḥ Al-Bārī” I found that Hafiz Ibn e Ḥajar has consulted “Al-Kawākib Al-Darārī” and quoted Imam Al-kirmānī’s commentary and added it. Al-hafiz Ibn e Ḥajar differs at many times with the opinions of Imam Al-kirmānī about the understanding of the statements and gestures in traditions. I wanted to study such analysis to check the right opinion after comparing statements of both Imams and by consulting with the statements of other scholars of this field. This article approves that judgments of Al-hafiz Ibn e Hajar about the understanding of the statements and gestures are more authentic than the opinions of Imam Al-kirmānī.
Present study was conducted during four seasons of the year, 2008 namely winter (December to February), spring (March to April), summer (May to September) and autumn (October to November). The study was divided into two phases; in first phase a questionnaire survey was conducted on traditional management system of camels and climatic data was collected from three ecological zones under study (Faisalabad, Bhakkar and Attock). In second phase, total 24 mature healthy male camels were used for recording seasonal and ecological changes in the behavior, ultrasonographic structure and biometry of testis and serum biochemistry (steroid hormones and some minerals) at all the zones. Biopsy sampling was done from the camels kept at Faisalabad zone (n=12; 6 in each breeding and non-breeding season) for ultastructural investigations, and slaughterhouse sampling (n=24; 6 sample in each season of the year) was done for morphometrical studies. The period of sexual activity started earlier in November and extended more even up to April at Attk as compared to other zones. Male camels used for breeding even up to 20 years of age at Attk zone. Duration of copulation was up to even 35 min at Attk zone, so it can be derived that the males of Attk zone are more efficient in reproduction as compared to FSD and Bkkr. The degree of most of rutting behavioral signs varies among different seasons and climate of the location. Some behavioral signs were observed as more extensive at Attk and then Bkkr zone as compared to the FSD, in the autumn (October, November) and spring seasons of the year, which revealed that the rutting season started earlier at these locations (Attk and Bkkr) and extended even up to the start of the summer at Attk zone. Biometric studies showed significantly (P<0.01) higher scrotal length and width of the testis during winter and spring season as compared to summer and autumn. Ultrasonographic imaging showed, the parenchyma of the testis as homogenous and moderate echogenic, the testicular capsule was appeared as thick hyper-echoic structure and tunics were identified as hyperechoic lines in both longitudinal and transverse planes, covering the parenchyma. A thin intratunical anechoic linear area was identified, because of fluid between the connective tissue coverings. Mediastinum was visualized as hyperechoic central line in the longitudinal section and a central hyperechoic circular area in transverse plane of the testis. Season had a prominent noticeable effect on the ultrasonic picture of the testis and epididymis at all the experimental zones. Serum testosterone was higher (P<0.01) during the winter season atChapter 2: Review of literature 30 all ecological zones under study, it started decreasing during spring and reached baseline during summer, maintained almost same during autumn at FSD zone however increased again in autumn at Attk and Bkkr zones. This increased level in autumn season was more at Attk as compared to Bkkr zone. Serum estradiol 17- β was higher (P<0.01) during the cooler months including January, February at all the ecological zones, it started declining in the month of March, April and May, little increased level was observed in the month of June but again sloped down in July and remained on baseline in the months of August, September, October and November. Serum concentrations of calcium, iron, sodium and chloride were higher (P<0.01) during the winter and spring as compared to other seasons of the year, while vice versa was true for the serum potassium, as it was recorded as significantly higher during the summer season. Serum testosterone, estradiol, calcium, iron, sodium and chloride were negatively correlated with the average environmental temperature and rainfall while positively correlated with the relative humidity and vice versa for serum potassium levels with some regional variations among different zones. Morphometrical studies showed that the volume, weight of the testis, average diameter of Sertoli cells, volume of intertubular compartment, relative volume of Leydig cells (VLc %), total volume of Leydig cells (TVLc × 10 12 μm 3 ), numbers of Leydig cells ×10 9 per testis and % intertubular tissue in the parenchyma of testis, were significantly (P<0.01) higher during the winter and spring seasons as compared to summer and autumn. However, % area occupied by the seminiferous tubules, % seminiferous tubule / interstitium, and the volume occupied by the seminiferous tubules and diameter of seminiferous tubules were recorded as significantly (P<0.01) higher during summer and autumn as compared to winter and spring seasons. Ultrastructural studies showed highly active Leydig and Sertoli cells during breeding season of camels (cytoplasm was having abundant and developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), more oval to elongate mitochondria and few fat droplets) and vice versa during the non-breeding season.