پروفیسر افغان اﷲ
یہ خبر افسوس ناک ہے کہ اردو کے ایک اور خدمت گزار پروفیسر افغان اﷲ خاں صاحب نے بھی اچانک آخرت کا رخت سفر باندھ لیا، ایک سمینار میں شرکت کے لیے انہوں نے دہلی کا سفر کیا تھا لیکن کیا خبر تھی کہ یہ اس دنیا کے آخری سفر کی تیاری تھی، سمینار کے پہلے روز وہ پورے نشاط کے ساتھ مختلف نشستوں میں شریک رہے، دوسرے روز دل میں درد اٹھا جس نے دنیا کے ہر دکھ سے ان کو نجات دے دی، وہ گورکھ پور یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ اردو کے صدر تھے، سکونت بھی اسی شہر میں تھی لیکن رہنے والے اصلاً وہ اعظم گڑھ کے ایک گاؤں خالص پور کے تھے شروع سے ذہین تھے، فراق گورکھ پوری پر جناب محمود الٰہی کے زیر نگرانی پی ایچ ڈی کی سند حاصل کی اور اس شان سے کہ موضوع پر یہ مقالہ خود سند بن گیا، کئی کتابیں سپرد قلم کیں، تاریخ ہند سے متعلق طراز ظہیری ان کی آخری تالیف تھی، باغ و بہار شخصیت کے مالک تھے، دارالمصنفین سے رشتہ اخلاص تھا، آخری بار وہ علامہ شبلی سمینار میں شرکت کی غرض سے یہاں آئے تھے، اتفاق ہے کہ مارچ کے معارف میں ان کا مضمون شائع ہوا، وہ ایک ہمدرد استاد، ہمدرد دوست اور ہمدرد انسان تھے، یو پی اردو اکیڈمی بھی ان کی سرگرمیوں کا مرکز تھی، گوشہ نشین اردو کے خادموں کی خدمت انہوں نے بے غرض ہو کر کی، صرف ۵۷ سال کی عمر میں ان کا اس طرح رخصت ہوجانا اردو کے لیے ہی نہیں، انسانیت اور شرافت کی دنیا کے لیے ایک بڑا حادثہ اور خسارہ ہے، خدا مغفرت فرمائے، آمین۔ ( عمیر الصدیق دریابادی ندوی ، اپریل ۲۰۰۸ء)
This is a subjective study explains the role of Quranic speech in the Islamic nation, wassatia the study explains the meaning of wassatia in language and legitimate. The wassatia standing out in religion in all fields for Islamic nation, like in dogmatic, in worshiping, in relationship, in dealings and in spending. The wassatia Appears through balance in all fields without exaggeration this appears through examples and samples with evidence from Quran and Sunnah.
Asthma is reversible inflammatory airway disorder in which several cells and cellular elements plays greater role. In Pakistan this disease is very prevalent. No remedy is available for asthma. In allopathic medicines, generally corticosteroids are used to treat asthma. Many herbal remedies are available worldwide which gave very good results but their scientific evaluation and validation in asthma is almost nil. Three herbal plants namely Ephedra, Hedera helix L. and Thymus serpyllum L. are found to be very popular by local people as remedy for asthma in Pakistan. Mostly used as herbal tea and paste for inflammation. In the current research study, these three plants were selected and their extracts were prepared by hydroalcholic and steam distillation process. These extracts were phytochemically screened. The antioxidant activities and IC50 values were measured. The free radical scavenging activity of Ephedra, was 90.08% ± 1.37, Thymus serpyllum L. 80.9% ± 0.5 and Hedera helix L. 78% ± 0.3. Extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by TLC, HPLC and UV-spectrometer. The extracts were selected for three topical formulations containing microemulsion, gel and ointment. In-vitro diffusion (flux) was checked by Franz diffusion cells. Effect of dialysis cellulose membrane and natural rabbit skin on the release of medicaments was also analyzed by using Franz cells. The flux, Jss (µg/cm2/h) for microemulsion, gel and ointment of Ephedra on dialysis cellulose membrane and natural rabbit skin were 1.346, 0.79, 0.656 and 0.70, 0.76, 0.641 respectively, For Hedera helix.L. The flux for microemulsion, gel and ointment on dialysis cellulose membrane and natural rabbit skin were 5.10, 4.02, 2.80 and 4.10, 3.10, 1.40 respectively. For Thymus serpyllum L. the flux for microemulsion, gel and ointment on dialysis cellulose membrane and natural rabbit skin were 7.10, 5.02, 3.80 and 6.10, 4.12, 2.40 respectively. The stable formulations were also selected for further characterization including rheological studies, FTIR, XRD, Zeta size and Zeta potential. It was observed that all preparations were significant staistically; with little variation from one another. For in-vivo studies, HPLC analytical methods were developed and validated under ICH guidelines. The in-vivo studies were performed on rabbits. The Pharmacokinetic parameters i.e. Cmax (µg/ml), Tmax (h), AUC (µg/ml) and MRT (h) were analyzed. For topical microemulsion and gel, Cmax were 27.53 µg/ml, 39.12 µg / ml of pseudoephedrine, 70.22 µg /ml, 75.26 µg /ml of hederacoside C and 35.33 µg /ml, 42.13 µg /ml of thymol respectively. For marketed oral syrup, Cmax values were 251.11 µg /ml, of pseudoephedrine 90.11 µg/ ml, of hederacoside C and 95.23 µg/ml of thymol. Maximum plasma concentration for optimized microemulsion and gel was 6 hours for pseudoephedrine 2 hours for hederacoside C and 3 hours for thymol (same values for both formulations). Plasma concentrations of marketed oral syrups were 2 hours, for pseudoephedrine 1 hour for hederacoside C and 2.0 hours for thymol. Area under curves for microemulsion and gel were 418.76 µg/ml/h, 529.81 µg /ml /h, for pseudoephedrine 492.83 µg/ml/h, 613.10 µg /ml /h for hederacoside C and 396.72 µg /ml/h, 498.44 µg /ml /h, for thymol respectively. Areas under curve for oral syrup were 985.35µg/ml/h, 329.58 µg/ ml /h, and 277.96 µg/ml/h for Pseudoephedrine, hederacoside C and thymol. Mean residence time for microemulsion and gel were 14.81 hours, 12.06 hours, 10.03 hours, 12.95 hours and 12.15 hours, 11.36 hours for Pseudoephedrine, hederacoside C.and thymol respectively. Mean residence time for commercially available syrup were 3.85 hours, 4.05 hours and 9.41 hours for Pseudoephedrine, hederacoside C.and thymol Results of all pharmacokinetic parameters were significant (P < 0.05). It is concluded that topical herbal formulations have greater bioavailability as compared to conventional syrups. Thus It has proved that transdermal formulations prepared using these plants had good bioavailability properties in blood plasma. It is further concluded that these traditional herbal formulations were successfully developed, characterized in formulated in to enhanced transdermal drug delivery systems. The sustainability was improved from 6 hours for all formulation to 24 hours.