Pengaruh Reputasi Underwriter, Financial Leverage, Profitabilitas dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Underpricing Saham IPO di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2022

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of underwriter reputation, financial leverage, profitability and company size on the underpricing of IPO shares on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2022. This research is quantitative research that uses secondary data. The population in this study was 59 companies that will IPO in 2022. The total sample was 46 companies using purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis uses time series data regression with the help of SPSS 25. The research results show that the underwriter's reputation influences share underpricing with a significant value of 0.046 < 0.05. Financial leverage influences stock underpricing with a significant value of 0.049 <0.05. Profitability influences stock underpricing with a significant value of 0.003 < 0.05. Company size has no effect on stock underpricing with a significant value of 0.913 > 0.05.

A Study of Classroom Culture and School Innovation

The central theme of this study is to understand selected elements of classroom culture and how this might affect the successful implementation of innovations such as "Inquiry" and "Cooperative learning" strategies. For the study several classes were observed and interviews were conducted to identify and explore the patterns of classroom culture. Meanings were derived from such elements as: teachers' actions, students' activities, classroom setting, and communications patterns. Available literature helped in deriving these meanings from actions, symbols and norms. To arrive at a conclusion, suggestions made by the interviewees guided me. A new understanding of the classroom was gained and the research provided directions about where to start, what actions and decisions to make before implementing new strategies in the future.