نظرات في تعامل الإمام الطبراني مع التفرد في الحديث من خلال كتابه المعجم الأوسط

The essence of the Hadith of the Holy Prophet (S. AW) is its fame. When there is Tafarud in a Hadith, the scholars scrutinize it with great concern to detect whether Tafarud is incidental or the Ravi has committed some mistake. The status of the Hadith is established on the basis of Tafarud. There is no specific rule or formula for it, rather every Tafarud is decided permanently on the basis of circumstances. In this paper I have mentioned Imam Tabrani way of Tafarud. I have explained different forms of Tafarud in his book Al Mujam-ul- Awsat. I have also explained with example that Tafarud is accepted sometimes wile rejected at others.

Postharvest Studies on Gladiolus Grandiflorus L.

Gladiolus is second most produced cut flower in Pakistan. Its postharvest losses occasionally reach up to 10-30% in Pakistan. Losses are mainly due to lack of use of postharvest treatments, harvesting at improper time and stage, improper cold storage, and poor water quality. Markets surveys revealed that growers and retailers do not follow have standard protocols for postharvest handling of gladiolus to reduce these losses. A project, involving a series of postharvest experiments on ‘White Prosperity’ gladiolus, was executed to develop protocols for postharvest handling of gladiolus, with special context to prevailing problems faced by growers and retailers in Pakistan. The results revealed that pulsing with 10% sucrose for 24 h increased the vase life of gladiolus up to ~3 days relative to control (tap water). Harvesting the stems in the morning or evening was better than noon harvest, while the less the number of florets opened at harvest, the better was the postharvest performance of gladiolus. Wet type of storage was better for shorter durations of storage than dry storage. Pulsing with low concentration of nano- silver (NS) for short duration (50 mg L -1 for one hour) significantly improved the postharvest characteristics of gladiolus, while among silver sources AgNO 3 (20 mg L -1 ) performed better than Silver thiosulfate (STS) or NS. Similarly for vase solution low concentration (0.01 mg L -1 ) of NS improved the longevity of gladiolus. Carbonated water performed better over other sources/types of water. Among Pseudomonas fluorescens strains PF-279 performed better than PF-417 to prolong the longevity of gladiolus. The study concluded that use of sucrose pulsing; managing the time and stage of harvest; and use of wet storage, different germicides, carbonated water, and biocontrol bacteria can remarkably enhance vase life of gladiolus and can help in reducing the postharvest losses while maximizing net return to the growers and retailers.