ڈاکٹر عمر خالدی
(اشتیاق احمد ظلی)
ڈاکٹر عمر خالدی ۲۹؍ نومبر کو بوسٹن میں ایک حادثہ میں جاں بحق ہوگئے۔ اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔ ان کے انتقال سے ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کے مسائل پر سنجیدہ علمی تحقیق کے میدان میں جو خلا پیدا ہوا ہے اس کا پر ہونا مشکل ہے۔ ہندوستان میں مسلمانوں کی صورت حال اور ان کو درپیش مسائل پر جس انداز اور معیار کا تحقیقی کام انہوں نے انجام دیا وہ غیر معمولی ہے۔ وہ ایک مدت سے ان مسائل سے بہت دور امریکہ میں مقیم تھے اور وہاں ایک باوقار ادارہ سے وابستہ تھے۔ مادی نقطہ نظر سے ایک پرمسرت اور مطمئن زندگی گزارنے کے لیے ان کو وہ سب کچھ حاصل تھا جس کی عام طور پر تمنا کی جاتی ہے لیکن اس آسودگی اور فارغ البالی کو انہوں نے زندگی کا مقصد اور مطمح نظر نہیں بنایا بلکہ دستیاب وسائل کو ایک بڑے مقصد کے حصول کے لیے استعمال کیا جو ان کو بہت عزیز تھا اور دراصل جس سے ان کی زندگی عبارت تھی۔ وطن عزیز میں مسلمانوں کی صورت حال پر ان کا دردمند اور حساس دل بے قرار رہتا تھا اور ان پر گزرنے والے نامہربان موسموں کی تپش وہ وہاں محسوس کرتے تھے۔ اس صورت حال پر کڑھنے اور زمانے کا شکوہ کرنے کے بجائے انہوں نے یہ طے کیا کہ دنیا کے سامنے ایک ایسا آئینہ رکھ دیا جائے جس میں ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کے مسائل اور ان پر گزرنے والے آلام و مصائب کی صحیح تصویر نظر آجائے۔ چنانچہ انہوں نے اس مسئلہ کو اپنی تحقیق و جستجو کا موضوع بنایا اور یہ کام اس دیدہ ریزی اور ژرف نگاہی سے انجام دیا کہ اس سے زیادہ کی توقع نہیں کی جاسکتی۔ ان کی تحقیقات پختہ اور ناقابل تردید دلائل و شواہد پر استوار ہوتی...
Force Conversion is adaptation of a different religion or irreligion under duress. Some who have been forced to convert may continue, covertly with the beliefs and practices originally held, while outwardly behaving as converts. At many places the Orientalists put the statement that Islam basic purpose is to establish sovereignty throughout the globe and its primary purport deals with ‘authority’, ‘political’ and ‘economic’ matters for which it also used force for the implementation. Although it is an erroneous statement as Islam’s basic purport is religious, pure and simple; it deals with other social issues. While Islam stressed upon free will and there is no restriction in accepting other religions. As other religions are not in pure form now and Islam is being preserved by Allāh, so it teaches to submit oneself to the Will of Allāh. The early converts to Islam were the Prophet (peace be upon him) close friends Abu Bakr (may Allāh be pleased with her) and his family members in which his faithful wife Khadija (may Allāh be pleased with her), his cousin Ali were on the top, sand his slave Zayed. None of them argued and accepted Islam immediately. Among them Abu Bakr (peace be upon him) enjoyed prominent place among Arabs and with his influence five people accept Islam in which Sa’ad, Zobeir, Talha, Othman and Abd-al-Rahman who were member of prominent families. Abdul Rahman converted four people of his family. Likewise Bilal (may Allāh be pleased with her) was the first slave, ransomed by Abu Bakr (may Allāh be pleased with her). These early converts of Islam were men of piety and dignity.1
Beta Exponentiated Weibull distribution (BEWD) is an extension of the exponentiated Weibull distribution which involves two additional shape parameters. Interestingly, the additional parameters control the tails weights of the distribution and affect skewness and kurtosis of the distribution. The five-parameter BEWD is a generalized distribution in modelling lifetimes of various industrial products. Its density and hazard curves are widely heterogeneous in their shapes. Three subfamilies of the BEWD family emerge under three parameter subspaces with the property that the members of each subfamily display similar density curves. It is found that some members of the BEWD family in one of the parameter subspaces approximately behave like a normal distribution. BEWD assumes decreasing, increasing or a bathtub behaviour. Using a sample hazard curve, and so a prior understanding of restrictions on the BEWD parameters we find estimates of parameters for fitting BEWD. These estimates based on maximum likelihood are essentially more efficient than when no such knowledge about the sample hazard curve is used. Characterizations based on truncated moments and hazard rate function are obtained. Simulation study of BEWD is performed in both ways; without the knowledge of parametric conditions and using parametric constraints and compare the results. Real data applications of the proposed approach support the better fitting of BEWD than other models. A generalization of BEWD is introduced in which a transmuted parameter is added and its behaviour is studied, named as Transmuted Beta Exponentiated Weibull Distribution (TBEWD). Different mathematical properties including moments, characteristic function, skewness, kurtosis and mode are being discussed. The transmuted parameter affects the basic characteristics, shape of density function and other properties of BEWD. Characterizations of TBEWD based on truncated moments and hazard rate function are also derived. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation Study is performed to test the efficiency of MLEs. Various aspects of this distribution are explored in the context of its applications, which include its subfamilies displaying reasonable similarity with regard to their hazard curves. The parametric restrictions so discovered are found useful in fitting this distribution. A number of applications of TBEWD model are also given.