PEMBINAAN SEX EDUCATION DALAM MENGHADAPI PENYIMPANGAN SEKSUAL KAUM NABI LUTH ZAMAN NOW

Indonesia mengalami degradasi karakter yang ditandai dengan maraknya penyimpangan moral, baik sosial maupun agama. Penyimpangan tersebut jauh dari nilai-nilai keislaman namun ramai digandrungi generasi muda seperti budaya pacaran, seks bebas hingga homoseksual. Kasus aborsi di Indonesia terjadi sekitar 2, 5 juta jiwa setiap tahunnya yang 30% diantaranya adalah remaja. Selain itu hasil survei lembaga independen menyebutkan 3% atau sederhananya 3 dari 100 penduduk Indonesia adalah pelaku homoseksual. Fenomena tersebut tidak lain disebabkan karena adanya dorongan perkembangan media dalam memfasilitasi free sex dengan tawaran akses yang semakin lengkap dan jauh meninggalkan nilai agama dan moral. Oleh sebab itu, pendidikan seks diharapkan menjadi jalan tengah yang perlu digalakkan dengan keyakinan bahwa pendidikan ini mampu membentengi dan mengarahkan mereka kepada pemahaman seks yang baik dalam pandangan agama maupun negara. Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana materi dalam melakukan pembinaan pendidikan seks menurut pandangan Islam. Desain penelitian menggunakan analisis konten dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa sex education masih tabu dan kental akan pro dan kontra, namun substansi perdebatan tersebut hanya berputar pada materi dalam pendidikan seks. Oleh kebab itu, pembinaan sex education hendaknya melibatkan orang tua dan pendidik yang disertai dengan pengawasan berdasarkan Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah, yakni memberikan pemahaman terkait fitrah manusia, sopan dan memahami waktu yang tidak diperkenankan berkunjung, menahan diri dan menjaga pandangan, dan menjauhi zina.

Controlling Pectobacterium Based Infections Through Quorum Quenching

Blackleg, a bacterial disease caused by a group of pathogens belonging to Pectobacterium species inflicts incredible losses to potato (Solanum tuberosum) in major potato growing areas of Punjab. Re-classification of blackleg causing bacteria Pectobacterium and occurrence of newly emerging blackleg pathogens such as Dickeya species have adversely affected the impact of potato trade world-wide. To determine the impact and extent of these pathogens, samples exhibiting blackleg disease were collected from 80 farmers‘ fields in five potato production regions of Punjab, Pakistan during the years 2014-2017. Bacteria isolated from diseased samples were gram negative, pectinolytic and were molecularly identified using gapA primers followed by genome sequencing of the representative isolates. Genomic and phenotypic analyses confirmed the diversity of blackleg pathogens in Pakistan. From a total of 36 representative isolates from all five potato production regions, approximately 58% were P. atrosepticum, 8% P. carotovorum, 5% P. polaris, 8% P. parmentieri, 11% D. dianthicola and 8% newly identified P. punjabense sp. nov. Thus, P. atrosepticum was shown to be the most important causal agent of blackleg of potato and poses a threat to potato production in Pakistan. Moreover, in these type of pectinolytic bacteria pathogenicity and virulence is regulated through quorum sensing (QS) in a density dependent manner utilizing N-acyl homoserine lactones (NAHLs) as QS signaling molecules. Interference with QS through Quorum quenching (QQ) is a demonstrated bio-control tool. Degradation of the QS signals (NAHLs) by bacteria present in the rhizosphere soil is a useful approach for protecting potato plants against the blackleg pathogen P. atrosepticum. Therefore, NAHLs produced by P. atrosepticum were extracted and then evaluated through biosensor based plate assays using Chromobacterium violaceum (CV026) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NTLR4) biosensors. Furthermore, several NAHL degrading bacteria were sorted out from rhizosphere of potato plants and their ability to degrade NAHLs was evaluated by a series of NAHL degradation assays followed by QQ tuber assay. Out of 24 NAHL degrading bacterial isolates, 16 actual QQ isolates were identified that effectively reduced Pectobacterium based infections in potatoes.