معافی دا پھل
سکولاں وچ گرمی دیاں چھٹیاں سن، عادل اپنی دادی نوں ملن ملتان آیا ہویا سی۔ اوہ چھٹیاں وچ اپنی دادی کول ضرور آندا سی۔ ایس لئی کہ اوس دی دادی اوس نوںبہت پیار کر دے تے کئی شیواں لے کے دیندی سی۔ اک وار دادی نے اوس نوں آکھیا کہ میں بازار توں کجھ گھر دیاں شیواں خریدنیاں نیں۔ توں میرے نال بازار چل۔ عادل تیار ہو گیا۔ دونویں اک رکشے وچ بیٹھے تے بازار آ گئے۔
بازار وچ آ کے پہلاں اوہناں کجھ چیزاں دیاں قیمتاں پچھیاں تے فیر اک وڈے سٹور اندر چلے گئے۔ ایس سٹور تے پھل، سبزیاں، بسکٹ، مٹھائی کپڑے، بالاں دے کھڈوانے تے ضرورت دی ہر شے موجود سی۔ دادی خریداری وچ مصروف ہو گئی تے عادل اوتھے موجود شیواں نوں ویکھن لگ پیا۔ مٹھائی والے کائونٹر اگوں لنگھدے ہویاں۔ اوس دا مٹھائی کھاون نوں دل کیتا۔ اوس ادھر اُدھر ویکھیا۔ جدوں اوس نوں یقین ہو گیا کہ اوس نوں کوئی نئیں ویکھ رہیا تاں اوس اک گلاب جامن چک کے کھا لیا۔ جدوں اوس دی دادی مٹھائی والے کائونٹر کولوں لنگھی تاں عادل اوتھے ای کھڑا منہ ہلا رہیا سی تے شیرہ اوس دے منہ اتے لگا ہویا سی۔ اوس دی دادی فوراً اوس سٹور توں باہر لے کے آئی تے پچھیا کہ توں کیہ کھاہدا اے؟ اوس جواب دتا کجھ وی نئیں۔ دادی نے پچھیا کیہ توں مٹھائی کھاہدی اے؟ اوس جواب دتا جی دادی اماں، دادی اماں نے پچھیا کیہ ایس سٹور توں چک کے کھاہدی اے؟ اوس آکھیا جی ہاں۔ دادی نے پچھیا توں سٹور والے دی اجازت توں بغیر کھاہدی اے؟ اوس آکھیا جی ہاں، دادی نے آکھیا جا کے سٹور والے کولوں معافی منگ تے نالے پیسے ادا کر۔ عادل کیہندا اے کہ جے میں اوس نوں...
Background and Aim: To compare the effects of mulligan rotational movement and medial gapping technique on pain, range of motion and disability in knee osteoarthritis patients.
Methodology: This study was a Randomized Clinical Trial. The data was collected using a convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from Jinnah Hospital Lahore, from 15th December – 30th June 2022.36 subjects (males and females) were recruited in two groups. The first group received Mobilization with movement along with a conservative treatment protocol. The second group received the Medial gapping technique along with conservative treatment protocol. Each group was treated for four weeks in which three sessions per week were given. Numeric pain rating scale and the disability index were used as outcome measures. Data was analyzed through statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25.
Results: Within-group comparison by paired t-test showed the p-value was significant <.05, indicating that both treatment was effective in improving symptoms. Between groups, comparison by independent t-test showed that Mulligan Mobilization Technique is more effective than the medial gapping technique in improving pain disability and quality of life.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Mulligan Mobilization Technique provides more clinical benefits regarding pain, disability and range of motion in osteoarthritis patients than Medial Gapping Technique.
Malaria is the fourth leading cause of deaths among communicable diseases in Pakistan. Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces have one of the highest Annual parasite incidence (API) within the country. Present study aimed at elucidating epidemiology and comparing performance of several diagnostic procedures in Bannu, a highly endemic district (API of 1.6-3.5 per 1000) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The aim of this PhD project was to generate current information on parasite prevalence through active antigen detection and also investigated the risk factors of malaria. In addition, genetic diversity among existing P. vivax strain was also investigated. A total of 2033 blood samples of suspected cases were collected and processed through three diagnostic technique including microscopy, RDT and parasite species specific PCR. A questionnaire was administered to collect household and individual based information to determine the potential risk factors of malaria. The present study was performed from 2012 to 2013. Samples were collected from suspected individuals of rural and urban areas visiting laboratory. Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test was used on the spot for detection of Plasmodium species. A total of 2033 individuals were recruited, of whom 21.1% (N=429) were positive for malaria by at least one method. Overall, positivity detected by PCR was 30.5% (95/311) followed by 17.7% by microscopy (359/2033) and 16.4% by RDT (266/1618). Plasmodium vivax (16.9%, N=343) was the detected as the dominant species followed by Plasmodium falciparum (2.3%, N=47) and mixed infections (1.2%, N=39). Microscopy and RDT (Cohen''s kappa k=0.968, 15 p=<0.0001, McNemar test p=0.069) v displayed significant agreement with each other, suggesting that RDT may be a useful alternative to microscopy in the field. Satisfactory health, sleeping inside room, presence of health care facility in vicinity (at an accessible range from home), living in upper middle class and in concrete houses significantly reduced malaria risk. On the other hand, low literacy level, presence of domestic animals indoors and a diagnosis recommended by clinician increased the disease risk. Mitochondrial genome sequencing of Plasmodium vivax revealed the existence of significant number of SNPs in coding and non-coding region of the genome while population structure analysis shown the presence of strain which are closely related to the strains of other regions. Population genetic study identify the significant mutation in the genome. It also identifies the large evolutionary distance between Pakistani and other regions P. vivax strains. This data will help to provide beneficial and up-to-date information to manage control activities in the study area. Appropriate management of identified risk factors can benefit in reducing the prevalence of malaria in Bannu and its peripheries.