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Evaluation of Bcl-2 and Bax Gene Expression in Hyperglycemia-Induced Nih Cells [Bs Biochemistry]

Thesis Info

Author

Maryam Saleem

Department

UMT. School of Science. Department of Life Sciences

Program

BS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

78 . CD

Subject

Life Sciences, Biology

Language

English

Other

School of Science; English; Call No: TP 571.944 MAR-E

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676714240212

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مسجدِ صحابہ

مسجدِ صحابہ

شام سمے ہماری گاڑی طریق السلام پر فراٹے بھر رہی تھی ۔شدید گرمی سے لوگوں کے چہروں کو لال کر نے والا سورج بحیرہ احمر میں ڈبکی مارنے کی تیاری کر رہا تھا۔ساتھ والی نشست پر بیٹھی دکتورہ شائمہ سے میں نے پوچھا ہم کہاں جا رہے ہیں ۔اس نے کہا ’’مسجدِ صحابہ ‘‘بہت خوبصورت مسجد ہے ۔میں نے پوچھا کوئی پرانی مسجد ہے کہنے لگیں زیادہ پرانی نہیں مگر عمارت شاندار ہے ۔چند کلومیٹر راستہ طے کرنے کے بعد بلند میناروں والی مسجد صحابہ کے بلند وبالا گنبد و مینار اپنی عظمت کا احساس دلا رہے تھے ۔صحرائے سینا کی ریت کی مانند زرد بھوری مائل خشت اور ریختے سے بنی یہ مسجد ایک خوبصورت دلہن کی طرح سجی نظر آ رہی تھی ۔ دکتورہ شائمہ کے بہ قول اس مسجد کی بنیاد ۲۰۱۱ء میں رکھی گئی ۔مگر ملکی سیاسی حالات میں اتار چڑھائو کی وجہ سے تعمیراتی کام تسلسل کے ساتھ جاری نہ رہا ۔اس مسجد کا نقشہ ایک مصری آرکیٹیکٹ فواد توفیق نے بنایا ،نقشے کو ترتیب دیتے وقت فواد توفیق نے مصر پر حکمرانی کر نے والے تین مسلم ادوار فاطمی ،مملوکی اور عثمانی کو مدِ نظر رکھا ۔مسجد کے دو طویل القامت مینار اور کئی گنبد دیکھنے والوں کی آنکھوں کو خیرہ کرنے میں کوئی کسراٹھا نہیں  رکھتے ، مسجد کے صحن میں سیمنٹ اور گارے سے بنے خوبصورت پانی کے جھکے ہوئے مٹکے جن میں لگی برقی موٹروں کے ذریعے قریبی گملوں اور کیاریوں میں موجود پودوں اور پھلوں کو سیراب کیے جانے کا دلکش منظر دیکھ کر سیاح اپنے موبائل کیمروں میں اس کی عکس بندی میں مصروف تھے ۔دکتورہ بسنت نے مجھ سے پوچھا کہ ’’آپ مسجد کے اندر جائیں گے ؟‘‘ میں نے کہا جی ضرور ۔انھوں نے مجھے دکتورخالد ،دکتورہ شائمہ کے...

یاجوج ماجوج: جدید تعبیرات اور معاصر اقوام پر اطلاق و انطباق: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Gog and Magog Interpretations by Modern Scholars and its Application on Contemporary Nations: An Analytical Study According to the Islamic point of view Gog and Magog (Ya’jūj Ma’jūj), are two such supernatural and aggressive powers that will reveal from some unknown place. According to Islamic sources the two disbelieving powers (tribes) are the children of Yāfith son of Noah. Humanity will affect badly at their severely harmful activities on the earth. In the beginning they were free into some unknown place. The famous king Dhulqarnayn imprisoned them behind an unknown thick wall in human history. There are many conjectures regarding the wall, and it is sometimes considered in any Norwegian country because of too long duration of sunrise in these countries. Their population will be 10 times more than the World’s populations. They will be so much trouble creating nation from the race of Noah (A.S) even Isa (Christ) will take refuge on the mountain of Toor and Muslims will pray Allah to get rid of them. Today some modern Islamic researchers have been claiming that they are in fact, Chines or Russians as we find their resemblance in prophet's traditions. In this article, an attempt has been made to unveil the disputed matter that either they exist in current age in form of living peoples or some hidden which will be revealed before the end of time. The purpose of this research is to revisit different speculations about Gog and Magog as we find them also into the Bible. Many Muslims research took effect from Bible’s concept ignoring the traditions of the prophet and find out many different solutions which, according to me are to be seen into the true and clear facts by Quran and Sunnah.

Study on Pharmacology and Toxicology of Carissa Carandas Auct. and Herbal Products Used in Cardiovascular Diseases

BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH: Herbal medicines have been used for thousands of years. The practice continues today because of its biomedical benefits and place in cultural believes in many parts of the world. The economic reality of the inaccessibility of modern medications for many societies has also played a major role in the broad use of herbal medicines. The World Health Organization has recognized the contribution and value of the herbal medicines used by a large segment of world’s population. A growing interest in usage has created the need for greater precision in preparation and evaluation and has stimulated research into herbal medicines’ various uses and applications. AIMS OF RESEARCH: This study was carried out on the pharmacological and toxicological screening of ethanol: water (1:1) extract of leaves of Carissa carandas (Auct.) and a Poly Herbal Product Mufarreh Yaqooti Motadil (Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf.) Pakistan), and comparative study of these with allopathic medicines. This Herbal product also contains extracts from animal and mineral origin. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of different cardiovascular disorders particularly it has cardio tonic property. But the use was not having any scientific evidences or data for the mechanism of action to prove its efficacy and safety. RESEARCH METHADOLOGY: In this effort we planned to evaluate the In vivo and In vitro the pharmacodynamic study of this drug on different cardiovascular parameters. Another Aquous:Ethanol (1:1) extract of Carissa Carandas leaves was also used for screening and following parameters were studied in different doses by precise methods: i. Effect of tested samples on Blood pressure using invasive method of I.V. cannulation on Sprague Dawley Rats, using four channel Recorder. ii. Comparative study with the synthetic drugs for hypotensive effect. iii. Determination of mechanism of action for Hypotensive activity. XIII iv. Diuretic activity of the tested materials on healthy male and female Sprague Dawley rats. v. Comparison of the diuretic effect with the conventionally used allopathic medicine, Furosemide. vi. Effect of the tested samples on different Cardiac parameters using Intact Heart, model of Frogs (Rana cyanophlictis). vii. Determination of mechanism of action for cardiac activity. viii. Comparison of these cardiac parameters with Digoxin using Intact Heart model of Frog. ix. Cardiac activity of tested samples by invasive method of Langendorf’s Assembly of Isolated Heart, using heart models of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cunniculus). x. Antihyperlipidaemic Activity of the tested samples on rats by the method of histopathological study of organs like Heart, Liver, Kidney and Spleen for structural changes xi. Biochemical screening of serum for different chemicals like Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Total Protein, Creatinine Uric acid etc., and enzymes like ALAT, ASAT, Alkaline Phosphatase, etc., for functional changes of the organs in these models. xii. Toxicological studies of the tested samples for the Safety Evaluation of these herbal products after Acute (for determination of LD50), Sub acute and Chronic use of drugs in NMRI Mice and Sprague Dawley Rats. xiii. Histopathological and Biochemical Screening for structural and functional changes respectively, in Rat models for safety evaluation. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: The Drug and extract has shown very significant results for pharmacological activity on cardio vascular system.The toxicological studies of the extract and drug on treated animals showed that, they are very safe in acute treatment even with a very high dose i.e., 5000mg/kg which did not show any mortality. The high dose was also used for Sub acute and chronic toxicity testing and was found to have no toxic effects except some adverse effects on liver, spleen and kidneys, only by Chronic administration of Carisssa carandas leaves extract in very high dose, as demonstrated by Biochemical and Histopathological evaluations. Other Poly Herbal Drug Product did not show any toxic effects. It is suggested that further studies for the Pharmaceutical preparation of a product form this extract should be performed in doses less than 5000mg/kg. That will help to introduce a potent, safe and cost effective drug for our people suffering from cardiovascular disorders