اہلِ بیت اطہارؓ کے حضور
دیں کو ملی جِلا ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
زندہ ہوئی وفا ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
قسمت کا در کھلا ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
سب کچھ مجھے ملا ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
مشکل میں جب گیا ہوں درِ اہل بیت پر
مشکل ہوئی کشا ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
ہر غم کا ہے علاج درِ اہلِ بیت ہی
ملتی ہر اک شفا ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
ہر چیز مل گئی ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
ہر کام ہو گیا ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
کرتا نہیں سوال کسی اور در پہ یہ
تائب تو مانگتا ہے درِ اہلِ بیت سے
Financial dealings are an integral part of human life. All the human beings have to do such dealings for their needs, mostly related to trade. But principles and rules for such dealings depend on either human intellect or the Shariah teachings. The human intellect in itself prevents humans from indulging into oppressive and corrupt ways of earning so that they do not incur loss in trading. But selfish and lustrous worldly interests mislead them, and consequently, they take to the prohibited ways of earning. In such situations, Shariah guides us to the right path. Allah Ta’ala has guided the mankind in the best way through the eternal and everlasting teachings of the Holy Quran. Regarding the financial dealings, this Holy Book has given us a comprehensive guideline which is beyond human intellect, and that is: Do not get one another’s possessions through prohibited ways; yes, you can earn them through trading based on mutual consent. This guideline has prohibited all the illegal ways of earning, including fraudulence, dishonesty, misrepresentation etc. The Article in focus discusses the condemnation of earning through prohibited ways, importance of the unambiguity of financial dealings and the related Shariah rulings.
Wheat is the main staple food consumed by billions across the globe. In south Asia, wheat is grown in diverse crop rotations; nonetheless rice-wheat crop rotation is most prominent one which ensures the food security of the whole region. However, late wheat sowing is an important yield limiting factor in this system. Indeed, management of massive quantity of crop residues (7-10 t ha-1) produced in this system accomplished with the late harvest of basmati rice varieties are the major obstacle in the timely wheat sowing. In this scenario, zero tillage provides a better chance for timely planting of wheat, management of crop residues as well as environment and soil sustainability. Fertilizer application in no-till techniques requires careful attention in order to optimize efficiency of fertilizer use by crops. This study was conducted at Adaptive research farm, Gujranwala, Pakistan and was repeated over time. The aim of study was to develop the most favorable and economical no-till technique along with suitable source of nitrogen and optimum height of anchored rice stubbles in combine harvested rice field. Experiment I comprised of five no-till techniques viz. (1) wheat sowing with turbo seeder, (2) wheat sowing with happy seeder, (3) wheat sowing with zone disc tiller, (4) wheat sowing with conventional zero tillage drill after manual removal of rice residues, and (5) wheat sowing with conventional zero tillage drill after burning of rice residues. There were five blends of nitrogen (N) viz. (1) 100% N from urea, (2) 75% N from urea and 25% N from ammonium sulphate, (3) 50% N from urea and 50% N from ammonium sulphate) (4) 25% N from urea and 75% N from ammonium sulphate, and (5) 100% N from ammonium sulphate. Experiment II comprised of three no-till techniques viz. (1) wheat sowing with turbo seeder, (2) wheat sowing with happy seeder, and (3) wheat sowing with zone disc tiller. There were four different anchored rice stubble heights viz. (1) 15-cm, (2) 30-cm, (3) 45-cm, and (4) 60-cm. In experiment I, turbo seeded wheat with N fertilization combination of 50% N from urea and 50% N from ammonium sulphate produced the longer roots and highest leaf area index and total dry matter maximum during both years. Among different blends of N, application of N in the form of urea (50%) and ammonium sulphate (50%) produced more grain yield than all other blends of nitrogen during both years of experimentation. We observed 21% more grain yield was produced in second year than the first year due to favorable climatic conditions for crop growth. Turbo seeder produced higher grain yield as compared to other no-till techniques. There was 5-10% lower soil bulk density (0-5, 5-10 cm) in the plots wheat crop was sown by turbo seeder than other no-till techniques during both years of experimentation. Maximum nutrient use efficiency was observed in happy seeder sown wheat compared to other no-till techniques during 2014-15, while during 2015-16 turbo seeder sown wheat exhibited more nutrient use efficiency. Maximum benefit cost ratio was observed in wheat sown by turbo seeder with application of nitrogen in the form of urea (50%) and ammonium sulphate (50%) than other no-till systems and blends of nitrogen during both the years. In experiment II, maximum leaf area index and total dry matter were observed in turbo seeder sown wheat at 45-cm height of standing stubbles in combine harvested rice field during both years. Wheat sown by turbo and happy seeder in combine harvested rice field with anchored rice stubbles at 45-cm height gave higher grain yield than other no-till techniques and stubble heights. We observed 17% more grain yield in 2015-16 than 2014-15. Wheat crop sown with turbo seeder exhibited 5-7% less soil bulk density than other tillage systems, while on the other hand wheat no-tilled in anchored rice stubbles at 45-cm height in combine harvested rice field showed minimum soil bulk density as compared to other heights during both years of study. The highest grain protein contents were noted in turbo seeder with anchored stubbles of rice at 45-cm height in combine harvested rice field in comparison with all other no-till techniques and stubble heights. Wheat crop sown with turbo seeder in combine harvested rice field left with anchored stubbles at 45-cm height gave maximum net return and benefit cost ratio during both years. In crux, wheat sowing by turbo and happy seeder at 45-cm height of standing rice stubbles is the most viable technology for rice-wheat cropping system. Likewise, a no-till technique along with N fertilization (50% N from urea and 50% from ammonium sulphate) is most viable option to increase the wheat production with higher profitability.