Assessment of Dietary Behavior of Children Aged between 3-12 Years Suffering from Thalassemia Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore Dietary behavior of Thalassemia children

Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder passed down through families in which the body makes hemoglobin in an abnormal form. Nutritional deficiencies in thalassemia children results in anemia and other medical complications. Objective: To assess dietary behavior of children aged between 3-12 years suffering from thalassemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the outdoor patient department of thalassemia at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for 4 months.100 patients were selected through non probability sampling technique. Data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: Thalassemia was more prevalent in the age group of 8-12 years. Nutritional deficiencies in thalassemia patients caused anemia as it was evident from results that 74% of thalassemic children had pale skin. As far as dietary intake was concerned only 4% of thalassemia children were consuming meat and meat products.58% of thalassemia children consumed milk on daily basis. Only 8% took green leafy vegetables on daily basis as it contains high amount of iron. Micro nutrient deficiencies as vitamin A, C were common among thalassemia patients as only 30% were consuming fruits on daily basis. Conclusions: Most of the thalassemiacchildren were found to be malnourished due to inadequate dietary intake. The caregivers and parents should be counseled to create awareness

Effective Training and Development Practices and Their Influence on Performance

This study pursues the perceived training effectiveness by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Technological acceptance model (TAM)and intend to examine the effects of individual differences on perceived training effectiveness and performance of individuals. The main focus is to evaluate the perceived training effectiveness, and role of individual differences in terms of learning. The significant application of this study isto explain the role of individual differences, measured in terms of creative self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, creativity and emotional intelligence. Implications for theory, task and contextual performance are discussed. Despite the relatively a big portion of literature concerning training and development effectiveness, most of the studies focusing the evaluation of effectiveness of training and development practices in terms of environment and delivery and in few studies generalized individual differences were focused. This study is based on the Theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Technology acceptance model (TAM)and intend to examine the effects of individual differences on perceived training effectiveness and performance of individuals. The main focus is to evaluate the perceived training effectiveness, and role of individual differences in terms of learning. Implications for theory, task and contextual performance are discussed. This study draws on cross sectional type of data of trainees: academia and bureaucracy. The sample data of 204 trainees were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Validity and reliability of scales were checked prior to use SEM. The results of this study supported all the hypothesis that participants with higher level of creative self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, creativity and emotional intelligence (EI) will have greater inclinations to learn. Results showed that perceive training effectiveness is positively related to training transfer and training transfer increase the performance of individuals. In general, results significantly agree with the Theory of planned behavior (TPB) which was applied to measure the perceived training effectiveness and suggest trainee’s perception of usefulness, ease and benefits enhance learning dimensions of participants that make any program effective. The study has highlighted a number of issues that influence the perceived training effectiveness. As this is included as a first endeavor to situate training effectiveness within the TPB, and individual differences (creative self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, creativity and EI) with Pakistani focus because most of the studies covers the western culture. This study thus contributes to frame a pragmatic approach in developing the new concepts of effectiveness of training and development practices for future research.