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An Evaluation Framework for Native Cross-Platform Application Development Frameworks [Ms Software Engineering]

Thesis Info

Author

Asim Arif

Department

UMT. School of Systems and Technology

Program

MS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

68 . CD

Subject

Technology

Language

English

Other

School of Systems and Technology; English; Call No: TP 605.432 ASI-E

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676714271897

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حمدیہ

اے خالقِ حقیقی ہویدا ہے تیرا نام
وردِ زباں ہے تو کہ جلیسا ہے تیرا نام
زخموں کا اندمال ہے ایسا ہے تیرا نام
یعنی مداوا رنج و الم کا ہے تیرا نام
واحد ہے، لاشریک ہے، یکتا ہے صرف تو
تیرے سوا نہیں کوئی مولا ہے صرف تو

یکتا صفات و ذات میں تو اور صرف تو
پختہ ہر ایک بات میں تو اور صرف تو
رہتا ہے دن میں، رات میں تو اور صرف تو
بچتا ہے کیا ثبات میں؟ تو اور صرف تو
بس تو ہی لم یزل بھی ہے اور لا یزال بھی
تیری مثال کیا ہو کہ ہے بے مثال بھی

بخشا ہے تو نے ہی مجھے ایقانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیری ولا سے پایا ہے عرفانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیری عطا نے بخشا ہے ایمانِ حسنِ ذوق
تیرا ہے یعنی سب سروسامانِ حسنِ ذوق
تو نے کیا ہے ذہن کو بیدار اے خدا
اس پہ کرم کہ کر دیا سرشار اے خدا

PEMBINAAN JAMAAH TABLIGH MELALUI PENGUATAN MODAL SOSIAL DI KOTA PALU

Fostering of Muslims in particular is a necessity. Muslims need guidance to stay on their nature, namely peace, calm, and peace (congratulations). Therefore, to maintain and preserve the atmosphere (peaceful, calm, serene), then one of the da'wah movements that has taken a role is the Tablighi Jamaat. Forms of coaching that have been done include syuro (deliberation), ta'awun (help-help). The coaching is intended to be social capital in developing Muslims. Social capital is intended as an adhesive tool for the community, because it often occurs in Islamic internal conflict communities that will affect external conflicts (among religious believers). The formation of Muslims by the followers of Tabligh has clearly brought developments to Muslims, especially in the city of Palu, this development was marked by an increase in the number of halaqah from 2 halaqah (2001) to 12 halaqah (2018), and the development has benefited the community based at the mosque.

Nonlinear Phenomenon in Plasmas With Generalized R, Q Distribution

In this thesis, we have studied the propagation of nonlinear electrostatic waves in a nonMaxwellian plasma in which electrons follow the generalized (??,??) distribution function which has the advantage that it mimics most of the distribution functions observed in space plasmas. Generally spectral index ?? corresponds to the flatness and ?? corresponds to the high energy tail in the profile of the distribution. The generalized (??,??) distribution function is the generalized form of kappa and Maxwellian distribution function and can be reduced to these in the limits ??=0,??=(??+1) and ??=0,??→∞, respectively. First we studied the propagation of nonlinear ion acoustic waves in a (??,??) distributed plasma and derived the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. In the past, KdV equation has been derived for ion acoustic waves with Boltzmannian or kappa distributed electrons and only compressive solitary structures were obtained. We have shown that when electrons are modelled by (??,??) distribution, the nonlinear ion acoustic waves admit both humps and dips in the perturbed potential. We found that for positive values of ??, which correspond to flat-topped distribution, the nonlinear ion acoustic waves admit compressive solitary structures or density humps. And for negative values of ??, which correspond to a spiky distribution, the nonlinear ion acoustic waves admit rarefactive solitary structures or density depletions. It has also been shown that the generalized (??,??) distribution function provides another way to explicate the density depletions observed by Freja and Viking satellites previously explained by proposing Cairns distribution function. In the third chapter, we have studied the propagation of nonlinear electron acoustic waves (EAWs) by deriving the KdV equation in a plasma comprising of cold and hot electron populations in which the ions form the neutralizing background. The hot electrons have been assumed to follow the generalized (??,??) distribution. Interestingly, it has been found that unlike Maxwellian and kappa distributions, the electron acoustic waves admit not only rarefactive structures but also allow the formation of compressive solitary structures for generalized (??,??) distribution. Using the plasma parameters, typically found in the Saturn’s magnetosphere and the Earth’s auroral region, where two x populations of electrons and electron acoustic solitary waves have been observed, we have given an estimate of the scale lengths over which these nonlinear waves are expected to form and how the size of these structures would vary with the change in the shape of the distribution function and with the change of the plasma parameters. In chapter-4, we then derived the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation to study nonlinear ion acoustic waves in a plasma in which electrons follow generalized (??,??) distribution. The spectral index ?? in the distribution corresponds to the flat top at low energy and by increasing its value flat top in the distribution increases. The spectral index ?? can also have negative values due to which distribution becomes spiky at low energies. Such flat topped or spiky distributions have been frequently observed in space plasmas. By employing (??,??) distribution, it has been shown that solitary structures are much influenced by the spectral index ??. This study highlighted the effect of low energy particles on the propagation characteristics of the solitary structures which could not be done by employing Maxwellian or kappa distributions and be helpful in explaining the underline physics in those regions where such flat top distributions are observed. In the chapter 5, we have studied the propagation of nonlinear ion acoustic shock waves in unmagnetized and collisionless plasma in the presence of electrons that follow the generalized (??,??) distribution. The Burger and Korteweg-de Vries–Burger (KdV-Burger) equations have been derived through reductive perturbation technique and via tangent hyperbolic method shock like solutions have been presented analytically for both Burger and KdV-Burger equations. It has been found that the strength and steepness of shock waves are affected by the flatness parameter ??, tail parameter ?? and the nonlinear propagation velocity ??. It is found that the shock strength of KdV–Burger is less than simple Burger equation’s shock. We concluded that propagation of nonlinear electrostatic waves strongly dependent on the profile of the distribution function and the results obtained are of great importance as they interpret those observations which could not be predicted on the basis of Maxwellian or kappa distribution functions.