تبصرے
"گونجتی سر گوشیاں"کی گونج
نعمان نذیر
دور حاضر میں تانیثی تھیوری،تانیثی تنقید غالب مو ضوعات میں سے ہے۔ جس کی بنیاد زیادہ تر ایک رواج عام کی سی بن گئی ہے ۔بہت غیر متعلقہ موضوعات اور بحثوں کو تانیثیت کے ساتھ جوڑا جارہا ہے۔ یہ تو رہی صورتحال تنقید کی۔اب تخلیق کی بات کی جائے تو یہ بات بھی قابل غور ہے کہ ہمارے ہاں اس ضمن میں تخلیقات کی صورتحال کیا ہے؟ خوین قلم کار اپنے آپ کو مردوں کے قائم کردہ ڈسکورس سے باہر نکالنے میں کامیاب ہوئی ہیں؟اور اس کا جواب ہاں میں ہے تو اس سے بھی اہم سوال یہ ہے کہ اس بندش کو توڑنے کی نوعیت کیا ہے؟کیا وہ محض ضد کا رویہ رکھے ہوئے ہیں اور عورت کا بیان ایسی صورتحال میں کر رہی ہیں جو عورت کے استحصال پہ ختم ہو ساتھ ہو ہو یا واقعی اپنی ذات یا ہم جنسوں کے جذبات کی عکاسی کرتی دکھائی دیتی ہیں۔محض عورت کے ساتھ ہونے والے استحصال کے بیان کا نام ہی تانیثی شعور نہیں،کہ اس کی مظلو میت کی داستانیں رقم کر کے ہمدردی کے وقتی جذ بات وصول کر ے بلکہ اس کردار کو ایک مکمل کردار گروپ میں بھی دکھانا چاہیے کہ ان کو پڑھ کہ روایتی لا چارگی کے بجائے ہمت کی مثال بھی قائم ہو۔
اردو افسانے کا شمار اردو کی اہم اصناف میں ہوتا ہے دور حاضر میں اس کی اہمیت اور بھی بڑھ گئی ہے۔جہاں انسان کے پاس خود کے لئے بھی وقت نہیں ہے۔خواتین قلم کاروں نے بھی اس میں اہم اضا فے کیے ہیں۔ اسی تناظر میں اپنی نوعیت کی ایک منفرد تحریر ''گونجتی سرگوشیاں'' کے نام سے منظر عام پر آئی۔ اس کتاب میں سات...
Background and Aims: It has been established that the hazard of falling in Parkinson's patients is a primary cause of loss of independence, and hence it is a significant component to the disease's burden. As a result, the goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between level of disease progression and the risk of falling in order to understand the critical need for rehab intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 24 participants participated in study through convenience sampling technique from primary and tertiary care institutes/ hospitals. Tinetti balance and gait test was used to evaluate the risk of fall among patients while The Hoehn and Yahr Scale was used to track the progression of Parkinson's symptoms and disability.
Results: Total 24 (n=24) participants with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were enrolled in the study in which the majority of the participants belong to age group 59-69 years. The balance and gait of Parkinson’s patient is strongly negative correlated i.e. -8.33 with the severity of Parkinson’s disease with .000 level of significance which is strongly negative correlated with the severity of Parkinson’s disease (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This demonstrates that the balance and gait of a Parkinson’s person is not related to the severity level Parkinson’s disease thus fall management in PD patients must be kept in priority during the rehab intervention for ADL independence and social participation.
Northern regions of Pakistan are rich with medicinal plants that are yet to be explored on scientific grounds. Medicinal plants play vital role in a country’s economy; especially for a country like Pakistan, where people are very poor and the use of traditional medicine is yet to flourish. World Health Organization is giving more emphasis on promoting traditional medicine, particularly, in the Third World Countries. More than 8,000 plant species in South Asia have medicinal values; out of which 2000 medicinal plants exists in Pakistan. Global market of the medicinal plants is estimated over US$ 60.0 billion that is expected to grow upto the US$ 5.0 trillion by the year 2050. In Pakistan, bill on the import of medicinal plants was worth of US$ 31.0 million, where the export of medicinal plants could hardly reached US$ 6.0 million. In the world, thirty percent of the pharmaceutical preparations are manufactured from plants. Keeping in view the potential of the global and local market, we conducted our current research work entitled “phytochemical, pharmacognostic and pharmacological investigations of Tylophora hirsuta (Wall) and Onosma griffithii (Vatke)”. The present Ph.D thesis comprises of two parts, part A and part B. The part A describes extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of isolated compounds. Pharmacological and biological activities of crude extract, different fractions thereof and some compounds isolated from Tylophora hirsuta have been investigated. In addition, the plant was also subjected to pharmacognostic screening that describes the anatomical study of the aerial parts and its powder drug. Four compounds were isolated from fractions of crude methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Tylophora hirsuta. α-amyrin acetate (1), stigmasterol (2) and heptaeicosanol (4) were isolated for the first time from the plant. β- sitosterol (3), a previously reported compound from the same plant was also isolated. Crude methanolic extract, its fractions and major compound (1) were investigated for various pharmacological activities including spasmolytic, spasmogenic, calcium channel blocking and cardiovascular activities. In addition, certain biological investigations were also carried out including antileishmanial, brine-shrimp lethality, phytotoxic, insecticidal and enzyme inhibition assays. The plant produced good spasmogenic, spasmolytic and calcium channel blocking activity. The major compound (1) also displayed significant spasmolytic activity at concentration of 53.1 x 10 -5 - 243 x 10 -5 M. Biological investigations revealed that the plant has good antileishmanial, and moderate insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal and phytotoxic activities. However, no significant enzyme inhibition assay was displayed by the major compound (1). Anatomical study of stem portion showed a typical dicotyledonous stem with well organized vascular bundle and trichomes on the outer surface. Powder drug study of the plant also supported the anatomical observations with presence of trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals, starch cells and other structures. Part B describes the phytochemistry of compounds 5, 6 and 7 that have been isolated for the first time from the Onosma griffithii. The preliminary phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of flavonoids and terpenes in Onosma griffithii. The anatomical study of the leaf reveals the presence of oil sacs in the lamina. Powder drug study of the plant also supported the anatomical observations with strong trichomes, stoma surrounded by guard cells for the transport of gases and water, epidermis and other structures. Crude methanolic extract was investigated for different pharmacological activities like spasmogenic, spasmolytic and effects on cardiovascular system. Crude methanolic extract and its different fractions were investigated for certain biological activities including antileishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal, brine-shrimp lethality, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities. The plant was found to possess excellent spasmolytic and antihypertensive activity that confirmed its traditional use as antihypertensive. Biological investigations revealed that the plant has significant antileishmanial and moderate antifungal activity. Our current work will help the researchers for further work to standardize the extract(s) and look for activity guided isolation of the pharmacologically / biologically active compounds.