فراقؔ گورکھپوری
آج کل رگھوپتی سہائے فراق گورکھپوری پر بھی ماتم بپا ہے وہ اس دار فانی سے رخصت ہوئے تو اپنے ساتھ اردو شاعری کی بہت سی رعنائیاں اور جلوہ سامانیاں بھی ساتھ لیتے گئے، فانیؔ، اصغرؔ، جگرؔ اور حسرتؔ کے بعد اردو شاعری کے لال قلعہ کے تخت طاؤس پر بیٹھ کر وہی شاہجہانی کرتے رہے، زبان کی زور آوری، فن کی ہمہ گیری، احساسِ جمال کی مرقع آرائی، رومانیت اور کلاسکیت کی ہم آہنگی غزل گوئی کی آئندہ ساخت و پرداخت میں رہبری، کیفیت و حلاوت کی رنگ آمیزی اور اردو زبان کی بے پناہ محبت کی فراوانی میں وہ یگانۂ روزگار رہے، وہ خود کہہ گئے ہیں:
کچھ درد دے گیا ہوں زمانے کو اے فراقؔ
یہ سوچ کر کہ بعد میں یہ کام آئیں گے
(صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، اپریل ۱۹۸۲ء)
It would be essential to know the pre Islamic economic conditions first, then it would be better to know that what are the Islamic principles regarding trade and economics. This would make us understand the Islamic principles fully; also it would help us to comprehend the nature of Arabs who were the same people who after coming into the fold of Islam agreed to lay down their lives for the Islamic cause. Keeping this in view, we can precise how much Islam advocates the truth and dignity for individual and business. Pre Islamic era was a dark period. Arabs had limited sources of Income and they relied upon the piracy and loot and plunder. In Dark era poets boasted Arabs loot and glorified it in their poetries. No one can deny that Arabs had bravery in their blood, and they conceive courage from their mother's womb. They used to loot money from affluent in the day time and gave away to the needy who used to boast them in their poetries. This Article discusses the Arab’s economic conditions in pre-Islamic Era.
The purpose of the research was to find the effects of cyber bullying on students‟ academic achievement on their behavior. The objectives of the research were (1)To know about the level of cyber bullying in the students of higher secondary schools of Punjab.(2)To explore the possible effects of cyber bullying on student‟s behavior and academic achievement in the students of higher secondary schools of Punjab.(3)To find differences of effects of cyber bullying on students‟ academic achievement and behavior in terms of demographic variable in the student‟s s of higher secondary schools of Punjab.(4)To finds differences of effects of cyber bullying on the student‟s academic achievement and students‟ behavior in terms of their age.(5)To find differences of effects of cyber bullying on the student‟s academic achievement and student‟s behavior in terms of their class.(6)To find differences in the effects of cyber bullying on the student‟s academic achievement and students‟ behavior in terms of their area/location.(7)To find differences in the effects of cyber bullying on the student‟s academic achievement and students‟ behavior in terms of their parents‟ monthly income. Research was mix method . Multistage random sampling method was used Total 2160 students and 48 teachers from 6 districts were selected as sample .A questionnaire and Semi structured interview was developed by the researcher .Questionnaire and Semi structured interview was piloted Cronbach‟s alpha coefficient of reliability was 0.72, 0.70 and 0.73 . The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics result shows that Cyber bullying has more effects on students‟ academic achievement as compared to their behavior. There are no significant effects of cyber bullying on students‟ academic achievement and on their behavior in terms of their gender, area/location and class, their behavior in terms of their age and parents‟ income. The qualitative data obtained from teachers concludes that students are well aware of cyber bullying. Cyber bullying equally affects boys and girls of public sector higher secondary schools.