براعظم افریقہ کی پہلی مسجد
براعظم افریقہ کی پہلی مسجد بھی قاہرہ میں تعمیر کی گئی تھی ۔یہ مسجد فاتح مصر حضرت عمرو بن العاص ؓ کے نام سے موسوم ہے ۔رومیوں کو شکست دے کر اس عظیم جرنیل نے حضرت محمد ﷺ کی وہ پیشین گوئی سچ ثابت کی جو آپؐ نے جنگ خندق میں کھدائی کے دوران اس بڑے پتھر کو توڑتے وقت دی تھی جس کا توڑنا صحابہ سے ممکن نہ تھا ۔خلیفہ وقت حضرت عمر ؓ نے حضرت عمر و بن العاص کو یہاں کا گورنر مقرر کیا ۔تقریباََ گیارہ ایکڑ کے احاطے پر مشتمل یہ مسجد افریقہ کی بڑی اور وسیع ترین مساجد میں شمار ہوتی ہے ۔ابتدا میں یہ ایک چھوٹی سے مسجد تھی جو اسلا م کی پہلی مسجد، مسجد قبا کی طرح کھجور کے درختوں پر تعمیر ہوئی تھی ۔ مگر اب یہ ایک عالی شان مسجد ہے جس کو دیکھنے دنیا بھر کے سیاح آتے ہیں ۔
Leadership is the process of activities of someone who has the art / ability to influence, coordinate and move individuals so that cooperation arises regularly in an effort to achieve common goals that have been established / formulated. While educational leadership, namely the process of activities influencing, moving and coordinating individuals, organizations / educational institutions to achieve certain goals that have been formulated. Leader skills operate the organization. Is skill to cooperate, motivate and lead and technical skills, namely skills that must be possessed by the principal in using knowledge, methods, techniques, and equipment to complete certain tasks. Other activities that the headmaster must do as a self-developer are learning and observing daily work in the wet environment, observing management activities in a planned and creative way to develop new methods in the learning process and building networks.
The CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has a redundant muon system composed of three different detector technologies: Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC, in the endcap regions), Drift Tubes (DT, in the barrel region), and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC, both in the barrel and endcap). The RPC are designed mainly as a trigger detector but they contribute to the muon reconstruction as well. Thus the monitoring and analysis of the system performance are necessary and essential for the final data quality. The main detector characteristics and the hit efficiency and cluster size are presented in this thesis. The stability of the system in the conditions of high instantaneous luminosity and high number of pile up (PU) events are presented in a view of history monitoring and stable trend. RPC background, currents and charge was studies in depth with increasing luminosity and data driven estimations of all these parameters are reported at the extreme conditions of High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). First measurement of the top quark pair production cross section ( t t) in proton proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02TeV is presented as a second part of this document for 27.4 pb?1 data collected by the CMS experiment at LHC. The measurements are performed by studying events containing at least one charged lepton. The measured cross section ist t= 69:5 6:1 (stat) 5:6 (syst) 1:6 (lumi) pb, with a total relative uncertainty of 12%. The result is in agreement with the expectation from the standard model. The impact of the presented measurement on the determination of the gluon distribution function is investigated.